Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for X-Ray Scattering material analysis, in particular Small Angle X-ray Scattering material analysis, comprising: - generating and directing an incident X-ray beam along a propagation direction (X) to a sample held in a sample environment; - executing a sample measurement process comprising the following steps: o determining a distribution of X rays scattered from said sample by means of a area detector (10) arranged downstream of said sample environment; and o determining an intensity (It) of a beam of X rays transmitted through said sample by means of said detector (10); - executing a sample data treatment process comprising the following step: o determining a corrected scattered X-ray distribution by applying to said scattered X-ray distribution a correction which depends on said transmitted intensity; and - executing a data analysis process comprising the following step: o determining at least one structural characteristic of said sample on the basis of said corrected scattered X-ray distribution; characterized in that - acquisition of said scattered and said transmitted X-rays is divided into a plurality of acquisition periods, wherein each acquisition period (T acq ) is shorter than or equal to a previously determined maximum acquisition time (T max ) in such a way that said detector (10) operates in a linear range; - said detector (10) measures individual detector image frames containing signals of said scattered and said transmitted X-rays, wherein each individual detector image frame is measured during one among said plurality of acquisition periods; - said individual detector image frames are added up to a total detector image frame in a computer connected to said detector (10); and - said determination of said at least one structural characteristic of said sample is realized based on an absolute scattered X-ray distribution obtained on the basis of said total detector image frame. The invention furthermore relates to an apparatus adapted to cany out such a method.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an energy-dispersive X-ray reflectometry system for analyzing a specimen, comprising: a source (1) for emitting an X-ray beam, said source (1) being coupled to an optical collection device (2) comprising means for focusing the beam emitted by the source (1) with a spot size measured in two directions of less than 100 µm and at a given angle of incidence to the specimen; a detection device (3) for measuring the intensity of the X-ray beam reflected by the specimen as a function of the energy of the X-rays over a predetermined measurement energy range, characterized in that the source (1) includes means for emitting an X-ray beam with a polychromatic spectrum of energies below 3 keV and in that the optical collection device (2) is placed relative to the specimen so as to focus the beam at a fixed angle of incidence in order for the projection of the spot on the specimen to have an elongation factor of less than 10.
Abstract:
L'invention concerne un système (1) de délivrance de faisceau de rayons X comprenant un bloc source (100) émettant un faisceau source de rayons X, des moyens de conditionnement (500) permettant de conditionner le faisceau source en direction d'un échantillon. Le système (1) comporte des moyens de stabilisation (800) agencés de manière à stabiliser thermiquement une zone du système (1) située en aval du bloc source (100), pour limiter des transferts thermiques vers les moyens de conditionnement en vue de prévenir des perturbations thermiques au niveau des moyens de conditionnement (500).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a dual Ion Beam Sputtering method for depositing onto a substrate (S) material generated by the sputtering of a target (121-123) by a sputtering ion beam (110), said method comprising the operation of an assistance ion beam (130) directed onto said substrate in order to assist the deposition of material, said method being characterized in that during the operation of said assistance beam said sputtering beam is also operated in association with said assistance beam, and during said operation of the sputtering beam in association with the assistance beam the sputtering beam crosses a desired part of the assistance beam in order to transport contaminants associated to said desired part of the assistance beam away from said substrate.
Abstract:
L'invention concerne un système de réflectométrie rayons X dispersif en énergie pour analyser un échantillon, comprenant : une source (1) pour émettre un faisceau de rayons X, ladite source (1) étant couplée à un dispositif optique de collection (2) comprenant des moyens pour focaliser le faisceau émis par la source (1) avec une taille de spot inférieure à 100 μm dans les deux dimensions et selon un angle d'incidence donné par rapport à l'échantillon, un dispositif de détection (3) permettant de mesurer l'intensité du faisceau de rayons X réfléchi par l'échantillon en fonction de l'énergie des rayons X sur une plage d'énergie de mesure prédéfinie, caractérisé en ce que la source (1 ) comprend des moyens pour émettre un faisceau de rayons X selon un spectre polychromatique d'énergies inférieures à 3 keV, et en ce le dispositif optique de collection (2) est agencé par rapport à l'échantillon pour focaliser le faisceau selon un angle d'incidence fixé pour que la projection du spot sur l'échantillon ait un facteur d'élongation inférieur à 10.
Abstract:
The invention refers to an X-ray beam device for X-ray anaiytical applications, comprising an X-ray source designed such as to emit a divergent beam of X-rays; and an optical assembly designed such as to focus said beam onto a focal spot, wherein said optical assembly comprises a first reflecting optical element, a monochromator device and a second reflecting optical element sequentially arranged between said source and said focal spot, wherein said first optical element is designed such as to collimate said beam in two dimensions towards said monochromator device, and wherein said second optical element is designed such as to focus the beam coming from said monochromator device in two dimensions onto said focal spot.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a system (1) for delivering an X-ray beam, comprising a source block (100) that emits a source X-ray beam and conditioning means (500) for conditioning the source beam sent towards a specimen. The system (1) includes stabilization means (800) designed to thermally stabilize a region of the system (1) lying downstream of the source block (100), in order to limit heat transfer towards the conditioning means for the purpose of preventing thermal perturbations in the conditioning means (500).
Abstract:
L'invention concerne un dispositif optique destiné à traiter un faisceau incident de rayons X, ledit dispositif comprenant : un monochromateur et un élément optique de conditionnement du faisceau incident dont la surface réfléchissante est apte à produire un effet optique bidimensionnel pour adapter un faisceau à destination du monochromateur, ledit élément optique comprenant une surface réfléchissante aux rayons X de type structure multicouche,caractérisé par le fait que ladite surface réfléchissante est constituée d'une surface unique, ladite surface réfléchissante étant conformée selon deux courbures correspondant à deux directions différentes.
Abstract:
L'invention concerne selon un premier aspect un ensemble optique réflectif multicouche destiné à réfléchir des rayons X sous faible angle d'incidence en produisant un effet optique bidimensionnel, l'ensemble optique comportant: . un composant présentant une surface réféchissante conformée de manière à produire un premier effet optique selon une première direction de l'espace, . ansi que des moyens permettant de produire un deuxième effet optique selon une deuxième direction de l'espace, différente de la première direction, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens permettant de produire un deuxième effet optique sont portés par ladite surface réfléchissante. L'invention propose selon un second aspect un procédé de fabrication d'un tel ensemble optique.
Abstract:
An X-ray scattering apparatus having a sample holder for aligning and/or orienting a sample to be analyzed by X-ray scattering, a first X-ray beam delivery system having a first X-ray source, and a first monochromator being arranged upstream of the sample holder for generating and directing a first X-ray beam along a beam path in a propagation direction towards the sample holder is disclosed. A distal X-ray detector arranged downstream of the sample holder and being movable, in particular in a motorized way, along the propagation direction as to detect the first X-ray beam and X-rays scattered at different scattering angles from the sample as the first X-ray beam delivery system is configured to focus the first X-ray beam onto a focal spot on or near the distal X-ray detector when placed at its largest distance from the sample holder is also disclosed.