Abstract:
An optical mirror which can reflect optical beams of a plurality of wavelengths while satisfying a phase matching condition required for a non-linear optical material, without the optical loss due to a phase error involved in generation of harmonics, optical mixing, etc., thereby improving conversion efficiency; and an optical device using this mirror. The optical mirror includes a transparent substrate coated on one side with a multilayer composed of films (2), (3) that selectively reflect their corresponding wavelengths. A phase control layer (4) is provided between the two films to eliminate the difference in phase between the light reflected by one film (2) and the light reflected by the other (3). According to this optical mirror, reflection can be made while satisfying the phase matching condition required for non-linear optical materials, and conversion efficiency is high. Accordingly, the present invention can be utilized suitably for the generation of the second harmonic, optical mixing, the generation of optical parametric, and so forth.
Abstract:
A multilayer antireflection coating designed for deposition in in-line coating machines by DC reactive sputtering. About half of the total thickness of the coating may be formed from zinc oxide which has a high sputtering rate.
Abstract:
A nonpolarizing beamsplitter (10) is provided, comprising a multilayered stack (11) of alternating layers (A, B) of a first material and a second material. The first material layers (A) are uniaxially birefringent, and the second material layers (B) are optionally uniaxially birefringent or isotropic. The layers have index of refraction relationships such that for an incident beam having a useful bandwidth, a p-polarized component and an s-polarized component striking the beamsplitter at any angle of incidence theta within a desired range, the beamsplitter exhibits substantially the same average reflectivity for the p-polarized component of the incident beam as for the s-polarized component. The invention also includes a method of making a nonpolarizing beamsplitter.
Abstract:
X-ray dispersive and reflective structure (10) utilizing special materials which exhibit improved performance in the specific ranges of interest. The structures (10) are formed of alternating thin layers (A and B) of uranium, uranium compound or uranium alloy and another spacer material consisting of elements or compounds with low absorptance chosen to match the wavelength of interest. These low index of refraction elements of compounds are those best suited for water window microscopy and nitrogen analysis, or are similar elements or compounds best suited for carbon analysis, boron analysis, and x-ray lithography using x-rays (11 and 12). The structures are constructed using standard thin layer deposition techniques such as evaporation, sputtering and CVD, or by novel methods which allow thinner and smoother layers to be deposited.
Abstract:
A polymeric multilayered film which reflects wavelengths of light in the infrared region of the spectrum while being substantially transparent to wavelengths of light in the visible spectrum without the effects of visibly perceived iridescent color is provided.
Abstract:
The present invention describes an optical interference coating useful for transmitting visible radiation and reflecting infrared radiation. The coating is formed from a series of interleaved stacks. The interleaved stacks require only two materials, one having a low index of refraction (L) and the second having a high index of refraction (H). The interleaved stack is made from a first stack of the form (L/a bH L/a) and a second stack of the form (H/a bL H/a). The interleaved stack includes one or more of the combined first stack and second stack in the form [(L/a bH L/a) (H/a bL H/a)]. A stack of the form (L/a bH L/a) is placed on one side of the interleaved stacks to achieve symmetry. The complete visible transmitting and infrared reflecting coating is made from two interleaved stacks centered at different wavelength and a third quaterwave stack of the form (L/2 H L/2) centered at a third wavelength. Each interleaved stack and quarterwave stack includes one or more layers.
Abstract:
A process for forming a single-notch optical filter having a continually and accurately varying periodic profile. An optical medium is coated on a uniform substrate where the homogeneous optical medium produces a rugate filter, so that the profile of the refractive index follows a sinusoidal pattern and Bragg's law. In a preferred embodiment, as the optical medium is coated on the substrate, the depositing film is monitored by optical techniques, and feedback information is provided to a computer driven by a pre-programmed process control algorithm so that real time control of the manufacturing process may be accomplished.
Abstract:
A wedge-filter spectrometer (1) comprises means (10) for spectrally dispersing an incident radiation beam comprising a first plurality of layers of high (H) index of refraction material and a second plurality of layers of low (L) index of refraction material, individual ones of the H and the L layers overlying one another in accordance with a given sequence, each of the H and the L layers having a substantially linearly tapered thickness of substantially constant slope, and means for detecting (17) at a plurality of points a spectrally dispersed radiation beam, the radiation beam being spectrally dispersed by the H and the L layers.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an electrically controllable optical interferometer filter with a layered structure made using silicon micromechanical techniques. The filter comprises an essentially planar substrate (1), a first mirror element (15) deposited on said substrate (1) and a second mirror element (12, 17) superimposed on said first mirror element, and an optical resonator cavity (10) formed between said mirror elements (15, 17) with an optical length of about n. lambda /2, where n = 1, 2, 3. According to the invention, above said second mirror element (12, 17) is further made a third mirror element (16), and between said third mirror element (16) and said second mirror element (12, 17) is formed a second optical resonator cavity (10) with an optical length of about n. lambda /2, where n = 1, 2, 3.
Abstract:
A novel design for producing bandpass filters with essentially square shapes with little or no ripple in the passband zone. Filters are of the all-dielectric type that consist of multiple cavities of bandpasses with the first and last cavities consisting of four less layers than the inner cavities. The inner cavities all have the same number of layers. All of the cavities are separated from each other by quarter-wave thick layers of low index material. Layers of low index material may be added between the filter and the entrance and exit mediums. Multiple half-waves are added to the outer cavity quarter-wave stacks in particular and also may be added to some of the inner cavity stacks. These sharpen the transition from low transmission to high transmission without unduly adding ripple to the high transmission zone. The thickness of the first few layers and last few layers may be altered to enhance the transmission of the filter by matching the index structure of the passband to the adjacent mediums.