公开(公告)号：EP1853890A1

公开(公告)日：2007-11-14

申请号：EP06707346.0

申请日：2006-03-01

Applicant: Inficon GmbH

Inventor： KNAPP, Wolfram ,  WÜEST, Martin

IPC: G01L21/30 ,  G01L21/32 ,  G01L21/34 ,  H01J1/30 ,  H01J1/304 ,  H01J41/00 ,  H01J41/02 ,  H01J41/04 ,  H01J41/06 ,  H01J41/08 ,  H01J41/10 ,  H01J19/00 ,  H01J19/02 ,  H01J19/04 ,  H01J19/10

CPC classification number: G01L21/32 ,  G01L21/12 ,  H01J1/3042 ,  H01J41/04

Abstract: An electron-emitting cathode (6) consists of an electrically conducting emitter layer (7) attached to a side wall (2) which consists of stainless steel and a gate (9) which is fixed at a mall distance inside a concave emitter surface of the emitter layer (7). The cathode (6) surrounds a reaction area (3) containing a cylindrical grid-like anode (5) and a central ion collector (4) which consists of a straight axial filament. An ion collector current (lie) reflecting the densitiy of the gas in the reaction region (3) is measured by a current meter (11) while a gate voltage (VG) is kept between the ground voltage of the emitter layer (7) and a higher anode voltage (VA) and is regulated in such a way that an anode current (IA) is kept constant. The emitter layer (7) may consists of carbon nanotubes, diamond-like carbon, a metal or a mixture of metals or a semiconductor material, e.g., silicon which may be coated, e.g., with carbide or molybdenum. The emitter surface can, however, also be a portion of the inside surface of the side wall roughened by, e.g., chemical etching. The gate (9) may be a grid or it may be made up of patches of metal film covering spacers distributed over the emitter area or a metal film covering an electron permeable layer placed on the emitter surface.

公开(公告)号：EP1698878A1

公开(公告)日：2006-09-06

申请号：EP05004855.2

申请日：2005-03-04

Applicant: Inficon GmbH

Inventor： Knapp, Wolfram ,  Wüest, Martin

IPC: G01L21/30 ,  G01L21/32 ,  G01L21/34 ,  H01J1/30 ,  H01J1/304 ,  H01J41/00 ,  H01J41/02 ,  H01J41/04 ,  H01J41/06 ,  H01J41/08 ,  H01J41/10 ,  H01J19/00 ,  H01J19/02 ,  H01J19/04 ,  H01J19/10 ,  H01J19/24 ,  H01J19/14 ,  H01J19/68 ,  H01J41/14 ,  H01J41/16

CPC classification number: G01L21/32 ,  G01L21/12 ,  H01J1/3042 ,  H01J41/04

Abstract: An electron-emitting cathode (6) consists of an electricaly conducting emitter layer (7) attached to a side wall (2) and a gate (9) which is fixed at a mall distance inside a concave emitter surface of the emitter layer (7). The cathode (6) surrounds a reaction area (3) containing a cylindrical grid-like anode (5) and a central ion collector (4) which consists of a straight axial filament. An ion collector current (I IC ) reflecting the densitiy of the gas in the reaction region (3) is measured by a current meter (11) while a gate voltage (Vc) is kept between the ground voltage of the emitter layer (7) and a higher anode voltage (V A ) and is regulated in such a way that an anode current (T A ) is kept constant. The emitter layer (7) may comprise an array of metal, e.g., nickel or molybdenum tips or consist essentially of a semiconductor material like silicon, preferably coated by, e.g., carbide, diamond-like carbon or molybdenum, or of carbon nanotubes or it may be a roughened surface portion of the side wall surface. The gate (9) may be a grid or it may be made up of patches of metal film covering spacers distributed over the emitter area or a metal film covering an electron permeable layer placed on the emitter surface.

Abstract translation: 电子发射阴极（6）由连接到侧壁（2）的电气传导发射极层（7）和在发射极层（7）的凹面发射器表面内的商场距离处固定的栅极（9）组成 ）。 阴极（6）围绕包含圆柱形栅状阳极（5）的反应区域（3）和由直轴向丝线组成的中心离子收集器（4）。 通过电流计（11）测量反映反应区域（3）中气体密度的离子集电极电流（I IC），同时在栅极电压（Vc）保持在发射极层（7）的接地电压之间， 和较高的阳极电压（VA），并且以使得阳极电流（TA）保持恒定的方式被调节。 发射极层（7）可以包括金属阵列，例如镍或钼尖端，或者基本上由诸如硅的半导体材料组成，优选地由碳化物，类金刚石碳或钼或碳纳米管或碳​​纳米管涂覆 可以是侧壁表面的粗糙表面部分。 栅极（9）可以是栅格，或者它可以由分布在发射区上的金属膜覆盖隔离物的贴片或覆盖放置在发射器表面上的电子渗透层的金属膜构成。

公开(公告)号：EP0560742A1

公开(公告)日：1993-09-15

申请号：EP93830096.9

申请日：1993-03-10

Applicant: PROEL TECNOLOGIE S.p.A.

Inventor： Cirri, Gianfranco

IPC: H05H1/26 ,  F03H1/00 ,  H01J41/08

CPC classification number: H01J27/08 ,  H05H1/54

Abstract: In the discharge chamber (21) of a device for generating plasma, used in the space sector for ion propulsion or for the discharging of satellites and in applications on the ground, suitable ionizing radiation sources (47) are provided, capable of improving the performance of said device. The radiation emitted by the sources creates constant ionization of the gas with advantages both during the preionization phase, ie. starting of the device, and during the operating phase, standardizing the performance thereof in particular in terms of continuity and regularity of operation.

Abstract translation: 在用于产生等离子体的装置的放电室（21）中，用于空间扇区用于离子推进或卫星的放电以及在地面上的应用中，提供合适的电离辐射源（47），能够提高性能 的所述装置。 源发射的辐射产生了气体的恒定电离，同时具有在预电离阶段期间的优点。 启动设备，并在操作阶段，特别是在连续性和操作规律方面标准化其性能。

公开(公告)号：EP0015942A1

公开(公告)日：1980-10-01

申请号：EP79900364

申请日：1979-11-19

Applicant: CHLORIDE GROUP LTD

Inventor： JOHNSON DENNIS ,  LETTS JOHN BRIAN

IPC: G08B17/113 ,  H01J41/08 ,  G08B17/10

CPC classification number: H01J41/08 ,  G08B17/113

Abstract: Detecteur de fumee a chambre d'ionisation dans lequel une premiere electrode (11) est recouverte d'un isolant (12) sauf a une extremite ou elle est opposee a une electrode de mesure (15); la majeure partie de la surface de l'isolant (12) porte un conducteur (41) non connecte a la premiere electrode (11) pour reduire l'effet nuisible de condensation sur l'isolant (12).

公开(公告)号：US4450409A

公开(公告)日：1984-05-22

申请号：US310183

申请日：1981-10-09

Applicant: B. Wayne Castleman ,  Robert F. Donehoo ,  Rudolph G. Oswald ,  Kenneth L. Reed ,  George H. Shipley

Inventor： B. Wayne Castleman ,  Robert F. Donehoo ,  Rudolph G. Oswald ,  Kenneth L. Reed ,  George H. Shipley

IPC: G01L19/14 ,  G01L21/34 ,  G01M3/20 ,  H01J41/08 ,  G01N27/62 ,  G01T1/185

CPC classification number: G01M3/20 ,  G01L19/14 ,  G01L21/34 ,  H01J41/08

Abstract: A leak detector comprising a housing having an axis on first and second compartments spaced along the axis and hermetically separated by a partition, the first compartment being closed to comprise a pressure envelope which is in communication with an evacuated space to be monitored for leakage, an ionization cell in the first compartment providing an electrical current determined by gas in that compartment, hermetically sealed feed-through for enabling an electrical connection with the gauge, to the partition from the second compartment, an apparatus in the second compartment performing a control function in accordance with the current supplied by the cell.

Abstract translation: 一种泄漏检测器，包括壳体，所述壳体具有沿着所述轴线间隔开并且被隔板气密隔开的第一和第二隔室上的轴线，所述第一隔室被封闭以包括压力外壳，所述压力外壳与要被监测的泄漏空间连通， 第一隔室中的电离池提供由该隔室中的气体确定的电流，用于实现与量规的电连接的气密密封的通过，与第二隔室的分隔，第二隔室中的设备执行控制功能 根据电池提供的电流。

公开(公告)号：US4121105A

公开(公告)日：1978-10-17

申请号：US739455

申请日：1976-11-08

Applicant: Elias E. Solomon

Inventor： Elias E. Solomon

IPC: H01J47/02 ,  G01N27/64 ,  G01T1/185 ,  G08B17/10 ,  G08B17/11 ,  G08B17/113 ,  H01J41/08 ,  G01T1/18

CPC classification number: H01J41/08 ,  G08B17/11 ,  G08B17/113

Abstract: An ionization detecting fire alarm device that comprises a double chamber structure, a source disposed in at least one of the chambers and a vernier adjusting screw electrode protruding into one chamber. The chamber containing the adjustable electrode is more open to the atmosphere than the other chamber. Porting is provided between chambers and detection occurs by sensing the rate of change of ionization current in the chamber structure. The source or sources, one being in each chamber, is a beta source such as a nickel 63 source. A change in ionization current is detected by a unique circuit of this invention which comprises a programmable unijunction transistor oscillator circuit.

Abstract translation: 一种电离检测火灾报警装置，包括双室结构，设置在至少一个室中的源和突出到一个室中的游标调节螺钉电极。 容纳可调节电极的腔室比其他腔室对大气更开放。 在室之间提供移动，并且通过感测室结构中的电离电流的变化率来进行检测。 源或源，一个在每个室中，是诸如镍63源的β源。 电离电流的变化由本发明的唯一电路检测，其包括可编程单结晶体管振荡器电路。

公开(公告)号：US4051376A

公开(公告)日：1977-09-27

申请号：US652579

申请日：1976-01-26

Applicant: Edgar Adolf Lorch ,  David John Dwight

Inventor： Edgar Adolf Lorch ,  David John Dwight

IPC: H01J41/08 ,  H01J47/00 ,  G01T1/18 ,  H01J17/32

CPC classification number: H01J41/08 ,  H01J47/00

Abstract: A novel form of ionization detector, particularly one operating in the electron capture mode, is described. The detector includes iron-55 as a source of electrons to cause ionization. The detector may be operated in direct current, pulse or frequency modulated modes.

公开(公告)号：US3828184A

公开(公告)日：1974-08-06

申请号：US23272172

申请日：1972-03-08

Applicant: LUPTON J

Inventor： LUPTON J

IPC: G01N27/66 ,  G01T7/02 ,  H01J41/08 ,  H01J39/26

CPC classification number: H01J41/08 ,  G01N27/66 ,  G01T7/02

Abstract: An Ionization Detector analyses a flowing fluid stream for a specific gas or gases. The recirculation of gases between electrodes is eliminated, and the gas between the anode and cathode is not restrained. The anode is made of a porous, electrically conductive material and the cathode is a beta emitting foil positioned adjacent to, but physically and electrically isolated from, the anode. The detector will function with or without an added cell voltage. The response of the detector to the water of aqueous solutions is so limited in duration that a characteristic response from organic substances can be obtained even when the substance is introduced in an aqueous solution to the chromatographic column.

Abstract translation: 电离检测器分析特定气体或气体的流动流。 消除电极之间气体的再循环，并且不抑制阳极和阴极之间的气体。 阳极由多孔的导电材料制成，阴极是位于阳极附近但物理上和电气上隔离的β发射箔。 检测器将在添加或不添加单元电压的情况下运行。 检测器对水溶液的水的响应在持续时间上受到限制，即使当物质被引入到色谱柱的水溶液中时，也可以获得有机物质的特征响应。

公开(公告)号：US3478205A

公开(公告)日：1969-11-11

申请号：US3478205D

申请日：1965-07-29

Applicant: OWENS ILLINOIS INC

Inventor： SPOREK KAREL F

IPC: G01N27/66 ,  H01J41/08 ,  G01N21/26 ,  G21H5/00

CPC classification number: G01N27/66 ,  H01J41/08

公开(公告)号：US3448261A

公开(公告)日：1969-06-03

申请号：US3448261D

申请日：1966-03-04

Applicant: BORIS ABEL AMIRAGOFF

Inventor： AMIRAGOFF BORIS ABEL

IPC: G01N27/62 ,  G01N27/64 ,  G01T1/185 ,  G01T7/12 ,  G08B17/11 ,  G08B17/113 ,  H01J41/08 ,  G01N21/26 ,  G01N23/12 ,  H01J37/00

CPC classification number: G08B17/113 ,  G01N27/62 ,  G01N27/64 ,  G01T1/185 ,  G01T7/125 ,  G08B17/11 ,  H01J41/08