Abstract:
A patterning device comprising a reflective marker, wherein the marker comprises: a plurality of reflective regions configured to preferentially reflect radiation having a given wavelength; and a plurality of absorbing regions configured to preferentially absorb radiation having the given wavelength; wherein the absorbing and reflective regions are arranged to form a patterned radiation beam reflected from the marker when illuminated with radiation, and wherein the reflective regions comprise a roughened reflective surface, the roughened reflective surface being configured to diffuse radiation reflected from the reflective regions, and wherein the roughened reflective surface has a root mean squared roughness of about an eighth of the given wavelength or more.
Abstract:
In immersion lithography after exposure of a substrate is complete, a detector is used to detect any residual liquid remaining on the substrate and/or substrate table.
Abstract:
A substrate table of an immersion lithographic apparatus is disclosed which comprises a barrier configured to collect liquid. The barrier surrounds the substrate and is spaced apart from the substrate. In this way any liquid which is spilt from the liquid supply system can be collected to reduce the risk of contamination of delicate components of the lithographic projection apparatus.
Abstract:
In a lithographic apparatus, a localized area of the substrate surface under a projection system is immersed in liquid. The height of a liquid supply system above the surface of the substrate can be varied using actuators. A control system uses feedforward or feedback control with input of the surface height of the substrate to maintain the liquid supply system at a predetermined height above the surface of the substrate.
Abstract:
A method of correcting an optical image formed by an optical system, the method including obtaining a map indicative of a polarization dependent property of the optical system across a pupil plane of the optical system for each spatial position in an image plane of the optical system, combining the map indicative of the polarization dependent property of the optical system with a radiation map of the intensity and polarization of an input radiation beam to form an image map, and using the image map to correct an optical image formed by directing the input radiation beam through the optical system.
Abstract:
In immersion lithography after exposure of a substrate is complete, a detector is used to detect any residual liquid remaining on the substrate and/or substrate table.
Abstract:
A method of producing photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) is disclosed, the method includes: 1) obtaining an intermediate PCF having an initial outer fiber diameter of less than 1 mm; and 2) elongating the intermediate PCF so as to controllably reduce at least one dimension of the intermediate PCF.
Abstract:
A radiation system comprising a radiation source and a radiation conditioning apparatus, wherein the radiation source is configured to provide a radiation beam with wavelengths which extend from ultraviolet to infrared, and wherein the radiation conditioning apparatus is configured to separate the radiation beam into at least two beam portions and is further configured to condition the at least two beam portions differently.
Abstract:
A method for tuning a target apparatus of a patterning process. The method includes obtaining a reference performance, and measurement data of a substrate subjected to the patterning process at the target apparatus, the measurement data indicative of a performance of the target apparatus; determining a cause of a performance mismatch based on a difference between the reference performance and the performance of the target apparatus, wherein the cause includes an optical characteristic; and responsive to the cause, adjusting an optical parameter associated with an adjustable optical characteristic to reduce the performance mismatch in the optical characteristic.
Abstract:
An optical system comprising: an illumination system configured, to form a periodic illumination mode comprising radiation in a pupil plane of the optical system having a spatial intensity profile which is periodic in at least one direction, a measurement system configured to measure a dose of radiation which is received in an field plane of the optical system as a function of position in the field plane, and a controller configured to: select one or more spatial frequencies in the field plane at which variation in the received dose of radiation as a function of position is caused by speckle, and determine a measure of the variation of the received dose of radiation as a function of position at the selected one or more spatial frequencies, the measure of the variation in the received dose being indicative of speckle in the field plane.