Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for obtaining a dialkyl carbonate and an alkylene glycol from a material flow containing dialkyl carbonate, alkylene carbonate, alkylene glycol, and alcohol, said method having the following steps: (a) separating a material flow (5) containing dialkyl carbonate and alkylene glycol in the form of a heteroazeotrope from the material flow containing dialkyl carbonate, alkylene carbonate, alkylene glycol, and alcohol in a distillative manner in a first distillation stage (1), and (b) separating the material flow (5) containing dialkyl carbonate and alkylene glycol in the form of a heteroazeotrope into a first raw product flow (27) which substantially contains dialkyl carbonate and a second raw product flow (29) which substantially contains alkylene glycol in a device for the purpose of a phase separation (25).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for purifying mixtures comprising 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, comprising the distillative purification of a mixture I comprising 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate by means of a column K1, wherein the gaseous stream consisting of mixture I is contacted in column K1 with at least one liquid compound A which has a boiling point which is the same as or higher than 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, and wherein the gaseous stream O which is obtained at the top of the column and comprises 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate is cooled to a temperature of 20°C to 60°C within not more than 5 seconds.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing isocyanates by thermally splitting carbamates, a carbamate splitting gas comprising the corresponding isocyanate and the corresponding alcohol being obtained, the invention being characterized in that the carbamate splitting gas is quenched in the presence of an ether functioning as an inhibitor for the back reaction of the isocyanate and the alcohol.
Abstract:
Method for producing urethanes through reaction of aromatic diamines with a dialkyl carbonate, characterized in that the alkyl group of the organic dialkyl carbonate has 2-18 carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms and the reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst.
Abstract:
The object of the invention is a method for treating residues from the production of isocyanates, comprising the steps of a) hydrolyzing the residues with water b) feeding the reaction product from step a) to a mixer with a heat transfer surface, c) separating amine and water from the discharge of step b), d) separating water from amine.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method of separating acids from reaction mixtures comprising at least one product of value which is of low water solubility, by means of at least one apolar amine as auxiliary base, said method comprising the following steps: a) reacting the auxiliary base with the acid to form a salt; b) reacting the salt formed in step a) with a further base which takes over the acid while releasing the auxiliary base; c) extracting the mixture obtained in step b) with water or an aqueous medium, the salt of the further base dissolving in the aqueous phase, and the product of value, or the solution of the product of value in a suitable solvent, and the auxiliary base forming at least one separate, non-aqueous phase; and d) removing, by distillation, the auxiliary base and/or at least part of any solvent present from the at least one non-aqueous phase obtained in step c), in the course of which two immiscible liquid phases may be formed. The invention further relates to a process for preparing thiophosphoramides, to the thiophosphoramides obtainable by this process, and to the use of these thiophosphoramides as an addition to urea-containing mineral and/or organic-mineral fertilizers.