Abstract:
In the manufacture of a multilayer polymer film, the thickness and degree of orientation are simultaneously measured. A beam of infrared radiation having predetermined wavelengths, is either transmitted through or reflected by the polymer film to be measured and received by a photodetector. The photodetector provides an electrical output signal which can be analyzed to determine the thickness and degree of orientation.
Abstract:
In the measurement of the optical transmittance of a sample, a beam which is split from a source of illumination is . directed through the sample and then redirected back through the sample. The redirected beam and a reference beam which is also split from the source of illumination are alternately applied to a photodetector. Both the sample beam and the reference beam pass through a monochromator prior to application to the photodetector. The output of the photodetector is processed by an electronic circuit and applied to a computer. Data representative of the two beams can be compared in order to provide an indication of the amount of light the sample transmits at certain optical wavelengths.
Abstract:
An improved method for making conductive metal patterns is claimed involving the steps of treating a substrate with a solution comprising a reducible salt of a non-noble metal and a light radiation sensitive reducing compound, exposing said substrate to light radiant energy, fixing with a solution comprised of a complexing agent followed by electroless deposition, the improvement comprising extending the life span of the fixing solution by maintaining the concentration of the light sensitive reducing compound of the fixing solution so that it does not exceed 0,4 m moles/l i ter.
Abstract:
An article comprised of metal directly and adherently bonded onto a ceramic substrate, and a process for producing same, are described, wherein the ceramic is adhesion promoted with molten inorganic compounds, treated with halide compounds that promote adsorption of species rendering said surfaces receptive for metal deposition, and plated with metal. Uniform surface coverage with said species and metal is ensured by the halide treatment.
Abstract:
A brushless DC tachometer including an alternator which produces a substantially trapezoidal output signal coupled to a field effect transistor switching bridge is claimed. The trapezoidal output signal is achieved using a block permanent magnet for one pole and a consequent pole contoured to achieve a substantially uniform flux density for the winding over a distance sufficient to produce said trapezoidal output signal.
Abstract:
@ In a control system for an inductive load, the actual current in the inductive load is maintained within a small range of an ideal current. When used to control an inductive load such as an electric motor, an H-bridge type configuration of serially connected pairs of photosensitive switches and diodes is used to apply voltages to the inductive load. A control circuit which preferably includes an operational amplifier generates the necessary signals to operate the switches such that the actual current closely approximates the ideal current.
Abstract:
® An alternator for use in a brushless DC tachometer is claimed which produces an output voltage with a trapez oidal waveform. The alternator includes a three phase toroidal winding on a slotless core. The windings are concentrated rather than being distributed. The rotor includes high intensity permanent magnets configured to provide uniform flux density over a large segment at least equal to a commutation increment.
Abstract:
An aspherical surface generating method and apparatus which optimizes the path of a moving cutting tool tip to fit a given aspherical surface of revolution to be cut on a rotating work piece engaged by the moving tip. The apparatus is a modified spherical generator, the modifications and control of which adapt it to continuously match the curvature of the path of the moving cutting tool tip to that of the given aspherical surface of revolution by adjusting the dynamic machine center in the direction of the evolute of the curve, i.e. along the locus of the radius of curvature of the given surface at the tool tip.