Abstract:
A method and apparatus for automatically sensing and for maintaining registration of each of the color cylinders utilized in a multi-color printing press is disclosed. Predetermined register marks are printed in the non-image areas on the sheet to be printed. Typically, in a four-color printing process, the black image is used as a reference, and registration of the other three image colors is achieved relative to the black image. Accordingly, a register mark for each process color is printed in the same location as a corresponding black reference register mark. The reference register marks are configured such that the average reflectance of the printed overlay will change as the registration of the color image changes with respect to the black image. In general, the configuration of the register marks for the black and color images differs. The reflectance of each printed overlay is measured on the printing press, while the sheet is moving. One type of sensor that can be used for this measurement is an on-press densitometer, or more generally, a reflectometer. If desired, the reflectance information obtained thereby can be converted to a registration error signal and used to achieve automatic, closed-loop control of the position of each of the color cylinders.
Abstract:
In the measurement of the optical transmittance of a sample, a beam which is split from a source of illumination is . directed through the sample and then redirected back through the sample. The redirected beam and a reference beam which is also split from the source of illumination are alternately applied to a photodetector. Both the sample beam and the reference beam pass through a monochromator prior to application to the photodetector. The output of the photodetector is processed by an electronic circuit and applied to a computer. Data representative of the two beams can be compared in order to provide an indication of the amount of light the sample transmits at certain optical wavelengths.
Abstract:
In a multi-color printing process, measurements of the optical density of two different three-color halftone control areas are used to calculate dot gain and solid density of the cyan, magenta and yellow images. Since no single-color solid control targets are used, control targets may be hidden or camouflaged in a border or logo in the final printed product. The two control targets can consist of light and dark near-neutral gray balance targets. Alternatively, two different three-color half-tone regions of the printed image can be used as control areas, eliminating the need for separate control targets. Densitometers having blue, green and red filters use the two three-color halftone control areas to provide density measurements which are used by a computer to calculate the densities of cyan, magenta and yellow halftone images. The computer then calculates the dot gain and solid density of the process inks, which are displayed to a pressman who can make appropriate adjustments to the printing process.
Abstract:
In the manufacture of a multilayer polymer film, the thickness and degree of orientation are simultaneously measured. A beam of infrared radiation having predetermined wavelengths, is either transmitted through or reflected by the polymer film to be measured and received by a photodetector. The photodetector provides an electrical output signal which can be analyzed to determine the thickness and degree of orientation.
Abstract:
In the measurement of the optical transmittance of a sample, a beam which is split from a source of illumination is . directed through the sample and then redirected back through the sample. The redirected beam and a reference beam which is also split from the source of illumination are alternately applied to a photodetector. Both the sample beam and the reference beam pass through a monochromator prior to application to the photodetector. The output of the photodetector is processed by an electronic circuit and applied to a computer. Data representative of the two beams can be compared in order to provide an indication of the amount of light the sample transmits at certain optical wavelengths.
Abstract:
A color monitoring system (32, 33) is disclosed which is capable of distinguishing between colors used in color-coding schemes or between colors that indicate acceptable and unacceptable quality in products to be sorted or toleranced as part of a manufacturing process. The system utilizes parallel measurements (10-18) in a number of spectral bands of the reflectance from samples (7) being tested. Simultaneous complete referencing (22-30) for each spectral band of reflectance is provided to compensate for variations in the intensity and spectral output of the light source (1) used for illumination of samples (7).