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    Stable aqueous dispersions and the production of the same
    51.
    发明专利
    Stable aqueous dispersions and the production of the same 未知

    公开(公告)号：GB890691A

    公开(公告)日：1962-03-07

    申请号：GB290860

    申请日：1960-01-27

    Applicant: BASF AG

    Inventor： HERRLE KARL ,  PETRI ROLF ,  REINHARD HANS

    IPC: C08J3/03 ,  C08L31/04 ,  C08L39/06 ,  D06M15/356 ,  D21H17/34 ,  D21H17/36 ,  D21H17/60

    Abstract: In the production of aqueous dispersions of solids and liquids there is used as a protective colloid 0,1-20% of the dispersed substance of a copolymer of 40-80 parts of at least one vinyl lactam and 60-20 parts of at least one vinyl ester of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having up to four carbon atoms, a part of said ester having been, if desired, saponified to or replaced by polyvinyl alcohol. Specified vinyl lactams are vinyl pyrrolidone, caprolactam and caprylic lactam. Specified vinyl esters are vinyl formate, acetate, propionate and butyrate. Specified dispersed substances are mineral and vegetable oils, bituminous substances, natural and synthetic waxes, paraffins, natural resins and plasticisers, but the invention is particularly applicable to the dispersion of synthetic polymers and condensation products (see Group IV(a)). In addition, Examples 14 and 16 specify as dispersed substances a chloroparaffin and montan wax. The protective colloids may if desired be added as an aqueous solution to the substances to be dispersed, and the latter may if desired be in the form of a solution in an organic solvent, to which the aqueous phase is added.ALSO:In the production of aqueous dispersions of solids and liquids there is employed as a protective colloid 0,1-20% of the dispersed substance of a colloidally soluble copolymer of 40-80 parts of at least one vinyl lactam and 60-20 parts of at least one vinyl ester of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having up to 4 carbon atoms, a part of said ester having been, if desired, saponified to or replaced by polyvinyl alcohol. Specified vinyl lactams are vinyl pyrrolidone, caprolactam and caprylic lactam; specified vinyl esters are vinyl formate, acetate, propionate and butyrate. Dispersed substances specified are mineral and vegetable oils, bituminous substances, natural and synthetic waxes, paraffins, natural resins and plasticizers (examples referring to montan wax and a chloroparaffin) and more particularly synthetic polymers and condensation products including polymerizable polyester resins and epoxy resins. In examples of the latter compounds, various combinations of the abovementioned copolymers are employed to disperse (Example 2) an epichlorhydrin/pentaerythritol condensation product (in this case the resultant dispersion can be hardened by addition of 4:41-diamino-3:31-dimethyldicyclohexylmethane to give a product containing firmly embedded water); (3) a highly viscous polyvinyl isobutyl ether; (4) a condensation product of diphenylolpropane and epichlorhydrin; (5) a polyester resin prepared from maleic acid (1 part), adipic acid (1 part), 1:4-butylene glycol (2 parts) and styrene (30%); (6) a polyester resin prepared from fumaric acid (2 parts), propylene glycol (3 parts) and styrene (65%); (7) a polyester resin prepared from maleic acid (1 part), phthalic acid (2 parts), diethylene glycol (3 parts), styrene (40%) and diallyl phthalate (20%); (8) a polyepoxy compound derived from butane triol and epichlorhydrin; (9) a polyvinyl ethyl ether; (10) a polyvinyl isobutyl ether; (11) two polyvinyl isobutyl ethers of different k-values; (12) a 1:1 mixture of butyl acrylate and vinyl acetate which are thereupon polymerized using 0,2% of potatassium persulphate as catalyst; (13) a resinous condensation product of cyclohexanone and methylcyclohexanone; (15) a phenol-formaldehyde resole; (17) polyisobutylene. The protective colloids may if desired be added to the components before polymerization or they may be added as an aqueous solution to the substances to be dispersed, and the latter may if desired be in solution in an organic solvent such as gasoline to which the aqueous phase is added. These procedures are exemplified in some of the examples mentioned above.

    Improvements in thermoplastic compositions
    55.
    发明专利
    Improvements in thermoplastic compositions 未知

    公开(公告)号：GB848153A

    公开(公告)日：1960-09-14

    申请号：GB2259958

    申请日：1958-07-15

    Applicant: BASF AG

    Inventor： FIKENTSCHER HANS ,  HERRLE KARL

    IPC: C08L27/04 ,  C08L27/06 ,  C08L27/08 ,  C08L33/06 ,  C08L33/08

    Abstract: A thermoplastic composition comprises up to 99% (by weight) of a polymer of vinyl chloride and/or vinylidene chloride and at least 1% of a copolymer of 88 to 99% of a polymerisable ethylenically unsaturated ester and 20 to 1% of an N-vinyl lactam. The chloride polymer may be a homopolymer or copolymer in any ratio of vinyl and vinylidene chlorides or a copolymer based thereon and containing only a minor proportion of other monomers. Polymerisable esters specified are acrylic and methacrylic esters of C1-12 alcohols, e.g. methyl, ethyl, butyl and dodecyl acrylate, and ethyl and butyl methacrylate; and vinyl esters containing up to 12 carbon atoms, e.g. vinyl propionate and butyrate. Suitable lactams are N-vinyl-pyrrolidone,-epsiloncaprolactam, and -omega-caprylic lactam. The copolymer may also contain other vinyl compounds, e.g. styrene, vinyl ethers, vinyl chloride, and vinyl methyl ketone. The copolymers may have varying K values, e.g. 20 to 30 ; 60 to 80 ; or below 15 ; they are soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons esters, ketones, simple alcohols, and gasoline hydrocarbons ; they are compatible with cellulose esters, alkyd resins and urea resins as well as vinyl and vinylidene chloride polymers. Examples comprise :-(i) 80 parts PVC and 20 parts 98/2 butyl acrylate/N-vinyl-caprolactam (ii) 100 parts of an 85/15 vinylidene chloride/vinyl chloride copolymer and 10 parts of a 90/10/5 butyl acrylate/N-vinyl 2-pyrrolidone/cyclohexene copolymer; and (iii) PVC and a 95/5/5 ethyl acrylate/N-vinyl 2-pyrrolidone/allyl alcohol copolymer.

    Dyeing textiles with vat or sulphur dyestuffs
    57.
    发明专利
    Dyeing textiles with vat or sulphur dyestuffs 未知

    公开(公告)号：GB834393A

    公开(公告)日：1960-05-04

    申请号：GB2197958

    申请日：1958-07-09

    Applicant: BASF AG

    Inventor： HARTMARK BJARNE ,  SCHUSTER CURT ,  HERRLE KARL

    IPC: C07D207/26 ,  C07D207/27 ,  D06P1/22 ,  D06P1/642

    Abstract: Compounds used as levelling agents in dyeing (see Group IV (c)) and having a plurality of the same or different lactam groups, viz. butyro-, valero- or capro-lactam groups, and wherein each pair of lactam groups is connected through their nitrogen atoms by a carbon chain interrupted by one or more hetero atoms, viz. nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atoms, the number of carbon atoms in the chain between a lactam nitrogen atom and the adjacent hetero atom being 2-6, are obtained by reacting dichlordiethyl ether or sym-dichlordiethylthioether or tri-(chlorethyl)-amine with the appropriate lactams, or by reacting polyalkylene polyamines with the appropriate lactones or by reacting sodium sulphide with a lactam substituted on the nitrogen atom by a b -chlorethyl group or by reacting di-(7-aminopropyl)-ether with the appropriate lactone. Compounds containing more than two lactam groups may also be obtained by cyanoethylating all the nitrogen atoms of a polyalkylene polyamine, then hydrogenating the product to form the corresponding polyamine and finally reacting with the lactones. The carbon atoms of the lactam group may be substituted by alkyl groups and in the case of a nitrogen hetero atom in the chain, its third linkage may bear an aliphatic chain of 1-5 carbon atoms which may be further substituted by hydroxyl, ether, nitrile, amino or lactam radicals.ALSO:In the dyeing of textile materials with vat or sulphur dyestuffs level dyeings are obtained by using, as a levelling agent, a compound having a plurality of the same or different lactam groups, viz:-butyro-, valero- or caprolactam groups, each pair of lactam groups being connected through their nitrogen atoms by a carbon chain interrupted by one or more hetero atoms, viz:-nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atoms, and the number of carbon atoms in the chain between a lactam nitrogen atom and the adjacent hetero atom being 2-6. The carbon atoms of the lactam group may be substituted by alkyl groups and in the case of a nitrogen hetero atom in the chain its third linkage may bear an aliphatic chain of 1-5 carbon atoms which may be further substituted by hydroxyl, ether, nitrile, amino or lactam radicals. Numerous levelling agents are specified and numerous examples of dyeing are given.

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