Abstract:
A method including using an alkyl halide, such as but not limited to, tetrabromoethane, as a fuel additive to a fuel to increase completeness of combustion of the fuel.
Abstract:
The invention provides a method employing a fuel additive to improve the operation of a pass-through oxidation catalyst over long periods of time with continued catalytic activity and without the undesirable conversion of SO2 to SO3. A pass-through catalyst support is continuously, selectively catalyzed by the combustion of a fuel containing a platinum group metal composition which burns to release the catalyst metal in active form. The effectiveness of the process is attributed to improved combustion in the engine by the catalyst and the treatment of the catalytic oxidizer with active catalyst metal released during combustion such that, in the exhaust system, the soluble organic fraction of the particulates and the levels of gaseous unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide are significantly reduced. The catalysts conditioned by the present invention cause minimal conversion of SO2 to SO3. The platinum group metal compositions soluble or dispersible in the diesel fuel and are added in amounts effective to provide concentrations of the metal in the fuel of less than 1 part per million (ppm).
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for reducing nitrogen oxides emissions from a diesel engine which comprises preparing an emulsion (80) of water in diesel fuel which contains a catalytically effective amount of catalyst composition (26) and a lubricity additive and supplying said emulsion to a diesel engine for combusting therein, whereby combustion of the emulsion leads to a reduction in the nitrogen oxides emissions from the diesel engine when compared with combustion of diesel fuel alone.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to processes and additive compositions capable of performing at least one of the following: a) stabilizing asphaltenes flocculated and/or precipitated in a petroleum product (as a crude oil, a residue or a fuel oil), rendering thus possible its blending with other petroleum products or its processing or its combustion; b) reducing fouling in petroleum apparatuses; c) achieving yield increase in petroleum refining and/or petrochemical operations; d) reducing particulate and/or SOx and/or NOx emissions during combustion of fuels; e) reducing fouling and/or coke formation in catalysts; f) favouring cleaning and/or decoking of petroleum apparatuses; g) reducing fouling arising from diesel and biodiesel fuels.
Abstract:
A fuel composition for two-cycle engines comprising a major amount of fuel boiling in the gasoline range and a minor amount of a lubricant composition comprising a base oil of lubricating viscosity and an additive formulation comprising (1) a molybdenum/sulfur complex of a basic nitrogen compound, (2) a carboxylic acid amide, and (3) a succinimide.
Abstract:
A fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel range and an effective detergent amount of a hydroxyalkyl-substituted amine which is the reaction product of: a) a polyolefin epoxide derived from a branched chain polyolefin having an average molecular weight of about 400 to 5,000; and b) a nitrogen-containing compound selected from ammonia, a monoamine having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, and a polyamine having from 2 to about 12 amine nitrogen atoms and from 2 to about 40 carbon atoms.
Abstract:
The invention concerns a method of marking a hydrocarbon liquid comprising the step of adding to said liquid, as a tracer compound, a compound of Formula (I) or Formula (II): wherein at least one of R 1 -R 6 in Formula (I) and at least one of R 7 -R 14 in Formula (II) is selected from: i. a bromine or fluorine atom; ii. a partially or fully halogenated alkyl group; iii. a branched or cyclic C 4 -C 20 alkyl group; iv. an aliphatic substituent linking two positions selected from R 1 -R 6 in Formula (I) to one another or two positions selected from R 7 -R 14 in Formula (II) to one another; or v. a phenyl group substituted with a halogen atom, an aliphatic group or halogenated aliphatic group and none of R 1 -R 6 in Formula (I) and none of R 7 -R 14 in Formula (II) being a sulphonate group or COOR 15 , where R 15 represents H, C 1 -C 20 alkyl, C 2 -C 20 alkenyl, C 2 - C 20 alkynyl, C 3 -C 15 cycloalkyl or aryl.