Abstract:
This disclosure is generally directed to systems for imaging polarization properties of optical-material samples. As one aspect, there is provided a system for precise, simultaneous imaging of both the in-plane and out-of-plane birefringence properties of sample material over a wide range of incidence angles. The spatially resolved imaging approach described here is amenable to determination of a wide range of polarimetric properties, in addition to the inplane and out-of-plane birefringence measure discussed as a preferred embodiment.
Abstract:
Bei einem Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Größe eines transparenten Teilchens (2), wobei das Teilchen (2) mit Licht aus einer Lichtquelle (6) beleuchtet wird, wobei mit einem Strahlungsdetektor (7) unter einem vorgebbaren Streuwinkel θS ein zeitaufgelöster Intensitätsverlauf von an dem Teilchen (2) gestreuten Licht der Lichtquelle (6) gemessen wird, wobei in dem Intensitätsverlauf charakteristische Streulichtpeaks bestimmt werden und wobei anhand einer Zeitdifferenz zwischen zwei Streulichtpeaks eine Größe des Teilchens (2) ermittelt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mit Hilfe von zwei Strahlungsdetektoren (7) oder Lichtquellen (6) ein erster und ein zweiter zeitlich aufgelöster Intensitätsverlauf von an dem Teilchen (2) in Vorwärtsrichtung gestreutem Streulicht gemessen werden, dass von dem ersten Intensitätsverlauf und von dem zweiten Intensitätsverlauf jeweils ein Transmissionspeak (12) und ein Reflexionspeak (11) ermittelt werden, dass eine erste Zeitdifferenz zwischen den Transmissionspeaks (12) und eine zweite Zeitdifferenz zwischen den Reflexionspeaks (11) ermittelt werden, dass eine Kenngröße α als Verhältnis der ersten Zeitdifferenz und der zweiten Zeitdifferenz ermittelt wird, und dass nur für diejenigen Teilchen (2) eine Größenbestimmung durchgeführt wird, für welche die Kenngröße α einem vorgebbaren Wert entspricht.
Abstract:
Systems and methods for controlling fluids in microfluidic systems are generally described. In some embodiments, control of fluids involves the use of feedback from one or more processes or events taking place in the microfluidic system. For instance, a detector may detect one or more fluids at a measurement zone of a microfluidic system and one or more signals, or a pattern of signals, may be generated corresponding to the fluid(s). In some cases, the signal or pattern of signals may correspond to an intensity, a duration, a position in time relative to a second position in time or relative to another process, and/or an average time period between events. Using this data, a control system may determine whether to modulate subsequent fluid flow in the microfluidic system. In some embodiments, these and other methods can be used to conduct quality control to determine abnormalities in operation of the microfluidic system.
Abstract:
A beam detector (10) including a light source (32), a receiver (34), and a target (36), acting in co-operation to detect particles in a monitored area (38). The target (36), reflects incident light (40), resulting in reflected light (32) being returned to receiver (34). The receiver (34) is a receiver is capable of recording and reporting light intensity at a plurality of points across its field of view. In the preferred form the detector (10) emits a first light beam (3614) in a first wavelength band; a second light beam (3618) in a second wavelength band; and a third light beam (3616) in a third wavelength band, wherein the first and second wavelengths bands are substantially equal and are different to the third wavelength band.
Abstract:
A device for measurement of the amount of solids in a fluid with light, wherein the light also includes infra-red and ultra-violet, equipped with at least two pairs of light transmitters (Sx, Sy) arranged crosswise and at least one detector (Do). The transmitters in the respective pairs of transmitters are adapted to transmit pulses of coherent light in pairs, i.e. pulses of light with the same wave-length, while the wave-lengths of the pairs of transmitters are different from each other.
Abstract:
There is provided an apparatus for the measurement of reflected light comprising a low intensity light source (2) such as an LED and a light-dependent detection means (3) such as a photodiode, together with capacitative means (4) and means for charging said capacitative means (4) to a predetermined voltage, means for discharging said capacitative means through the light-dependent detector means (3) and means (6) for measuring the rate of discharge of said capacitative means.
Abstract:
A method, apparatus and system for agglomeration assays which employs coordinated carrier particles, which are made of copolymeric materials that are capable of scattering light and that do not react non-specifically in body fluids, and which have antibodies or antigens irreversibly attached to their surfaces. The concentration of biologically active substances of interest are determined by the light scattering properties of the particles during the test. During a test, a light detector (48) is offset from an axis (82a) of the column of light directed through the reagent/test sample mixture (97). Detector (48) is shielded from extraneous light by light barrier (108) with aperture (110) so that the light scattered by mixture (97) is detected at a specific angle by detector (48). The intensities of the scattered light, and the changes therein during the test, are used to determine the concentration of biologically active substances of interest.
Abstract:
A compact device (210) useful for measuring an absorption spectrum of a liquid, such as water with organic contaminants, is provided. The compact device (210) comprises an array of LEDs (121,122,123,124) each emitting light with a unique spectral peak. A reflector (130) shaped as a half ellipsoid reflects the emitted light (180a,180d) to form a reference beam (181a,181b). The reflector (130) has an opening (136) to allow part of the emitted light (180b,180c) to form a measurement beam (182a,182b) after passing through the liquid. Two photodetectors (140,150) measure the reference beam (181a,181b) and the measurement beam (182a,182b) to give a reference intensity and a measured intensity, respectively. The LEDs (121,122,123,124) sequentially emit showers of light one-by-one, giving plural pairs of reference and measured intensities for estimating the absorption spectrum. The compact device (210) receives energy from a separate power-providing device (230) through wireless power transfer. The power-providing device (230) harvests motional energy of the flowing liquid to generate electrical energy.
Abstract:
Methods of testing a semiconductor, and semiconductor testing apparatus, are described. In an example, a method for testing a semiconductor can include applying light on the semiconductor to induce photonic degradation. The method can also include receiving a photoluminescence measurement induced from the applied light from the semiconductor and monitoring the photonic degradation of the semiconductor from the photoluminescence measurement.