Abstract:
A method for characterizing a polymer sample that includes the steps of withdrawing a polymer sample from a sample container into an injection probe of an auto- sampler where the probe is heated to maintain the withdrawn sample at a temperature of not less than about 75 degrees Celsius while resident in the probe. The heated injection probe resides in a first environment maintained at about ambient temperature while withdrawing the polymer sample. The method further includes loading at least a portion of the withdrawn sample into an injection port or a loading port of a liquid chromatography system where the injection port or loading port is adaptable for fluid communication with a chromatographic column. The chromatographic column resides in a heated second environment maintained at a temperature of not less than about 75 degrees Celsius. The loaded sample is injected into a mobile phase of the liquid chromatography system. The sample is maintained at a temperature but not les s than about 75 degrees Celsius during a period of time including from when the sample is withdrawn from the sample container to when the sample is within the heated second environment. The injected sample is chromatographically separated and a property of the sample or a composition thereof is detected.
Abstract:
Metal-ligand complexes that are useful as precursors to catalysts for the polymerization of olefins are provided. Certain of the catalysts are particularly effective at polymerizing ethylene and styrene into copolymers having novel properties, including a low molecular weight and close comparison between vinyl and methyl end groups.
Abstract:
A method for high throughput mechanical property testing of materials libraries using capacitance. The method monitors the responses of a plurality of samples on a substrate to a force induced by a capacitor.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for synthesis and screening of materials are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present invention, a parallel batch reactor for effecting chemical reactions includes a pressure chamber, and a plurality of reaction wells. Each of the reaction wells is in isolatable fluid communication with the pressure chamber such that during a first pressurizing stage of operation, each of the reaction wells can be simultaneously pressurized through common fluid communication with the pressure chamber, and such that during a second reaction stage of operation, each of the reaction wells can be fluidically isolated from at least one other of said plurality of reaction wells.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for measuring properties of a liquid composition includes a mechanical resonator, such as a cantilever, connected to a measurement circuit. The mechanical resonator can be covered with a coating to impart additional special detection propertied to the resonator, and multiple resonators can be attached together as a single sensor to obtain multiple frequency responses. The invention is particularly suitable for combinatorial chemistry applications, which require rapid analysis of chemical properties for screening.
Abstract:
Control agents that have an oxygen-nitrogen bond covalently bonded to a thiocarbonyl moiety are provided for living-type free radical polymerization of a wide variety of monomers, particularly vinyl monomers.
Abstract:
This invention discloses methods, materials, and devices for making and screening combinatorial libraries to identify semi-conducting and thermoelectric materials. The disclosed method includes preparing a combinatorial library of materials, and identifying library members that are semiconductors. The method may include determining a thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, for each member of a second combinatorial library of materials. The method determines ZT by applying an oscillatory voltage across the library members, measuring power dissipated by library members, and calculating ZT from the power dissipated. The method may also include isolating single-phase materials of the semiconducting library members. The present invention also discloses an apparatus for discovering thermoelectric materials using combinatorial techniques. The apparatus includes a first combinatorial library of materials comprised of thin films arrayed on a substrate, and a device for identifying semiconducting members of the first combinatorial library. In addition, the apparatus may include a device for measuring ZTnulla voltage source for applying an oscillatory electrical potential across members of a second combinatorial library arrayed on a substrate, and a device for measuring the resulting power dissipated by library members. The apparatus may also include a device for isolating single-phase materials of library members that were identified as semiconductors.
Abstract:
Control agents that have an oxygen-nitrogen bond covalently bonded to a thiocarbonyl moiety are provided for living-type free radical polymerization of a wide variety of monomers, particularly vinyl monomers.
Abstract:
A liquid chromatography column distributor spreads liquid over the internal cross sectional area of the column to facilitate separation of the liquid in the column into its constituent components for analysis, particularly where the volume of liquid is small and the rate of flow through the column is high. The distributor is useful for small volumes, less than 100 micro liters. The distribution is preferably done in two or more stages by two or more plates arranged in series. This arrangement keeps the flow paths short and volumes of channels in the plate carrying the liquid small. The distributor may be used in a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in which liquid flows at high rates through the column. The distributor is constructed to protect the liquid sample from damage.