Abstract:
The present invention relates to an improved process for batchwise or continuous isomerization of cis-2-pentenenitrile to 3-pentenenitriles in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane as a catalyst.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing amino-polycarboxylates from an amino acid which, in a first method step, is reacted with ethylene oxide to form an intermediate product mixture comprising the corresponding dialkanolamine, and the intermediate product mixture is subsequently catalytically reacted to form the corresponding amino polycarboxylate using a base in a second method step, wherein the method is characterized in that the amino acid is caused to partially neutralize, having 0.70 to 0.99 equivalent base per acid group, before the reaction with ethylene oxide in the first method step or in that, in the first method step, an amino acid, which is already partially neutralized, having 0.70 to 0.99 equivalent base per acid group, is used.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for isomerizing cis-2-pentene nitrile to form 3-pentene nitriles by isomerizing cis-2-pentene nitrile with amidines, tertiary amines or the mixtures thereof as a catalyst at temperatures of 80 to 200ºC and a pressure of 0.01 to 50 bar.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing urethanes by reacting aromatic amines by with a dialkyl carbonate, characterized in that the alkyl radical of the organic dialkyl carbonate comprises 4-18 carbon atoms and is branched in the 2 position, and the reaction is performed in the presence of a hypostochiometric quantity of base relative to the amino groups.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing 3-pentenenitrile, said method being characterised by the following steps: (a) 1,3-butadiene is reacted with hydrogen cyanide on at least one catalyst to obtain a flow (1) containing 3-pentenenitrile, 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile, the at least one catalyst, and 1,3-butadiene; (b) the flow (1) is distilled in a column to obtain a top product flow (2) rich in 1,3-butadiene, and a bottom product flow (3) that is poor in 1,3-butadiene and contains 3-pentenenitrile, the at least one catalyst, and 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile; (c) the flow (3) is distilled in a column to obtain a top product flow (4) containing 1,3-butadiene, a flow (5) in a side-tap of the column, containing 3-pentenenitrile and 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile, and a bottom product flow (6) containing the at least one catalyst; and (d) the flow (5) is distilled to obtain a top product flow (7) containing 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile, and a bottom product flow (8) containing 3-pentenenitrile.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing adipodinitrile and methylglutar nitrile, said method being characterised by the following steps: (a) an educt flow containing pentenenitriles is reacted with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of at least one catalyst and at least one promoter to obtain a reaction flow containing pentenenitriles, the at least one catalyst, catalyst breakdown products, the at least one promoter, adipodinitrile and methylglutar nitrile; (b) the reaction flow is distilled to obtain a bottom product flow (3) that is depleted of pentenenitriles and contains the at least one catalyst, catalyst breakdown products, the at least one promoter, adipodinitrile and methylglutar nitrile, and a top product flow (4) enriched in pentenenitriles; (c) the flow (3) is extracted by an extraction means contained in flow (5) to obtain a top product flow (6) that is enriched with extraction means and contains the catalyst, and a bottom product flow (7) that is depleted of extraction means and contains catalyst breakdown products, the at least one promoter, pentenenitriles, adipodinitrile and methylglutar nitrile; (d) the flow (6) is distilled to obtain a bottom product flow (8) containing the catalyst, and a top product flow (9) containing the extraction means; (e) the flow (7) is distilled to obtain a bottom product flow (10) containing catalyst breakdown products, the at least one promoter, pentene nitriles, adipodinitrile and methylglutarnitrile, and a top product flow (11) containing the extraction means; (f) the flow (10) is distilled to obtain a bottom product flow (12) containing catalyst breakdown products, the at least one promoter, pentenenitriles, adipodinitrile and methylglutarnitrile, and a top product flow (13) containing pentenenitriles; (g) the flow (12) is distilled to obtain a bottom product flow (14) containing catalyst breakdown products and the at least one promoter, and a top product flow (15) containing adipodinitrile and methylglutar nitrile; and (h) the flow (15) is distilled to obtain a bottom product flow (16) containing adipodinitrile, and a top product flow (17) containing methylglutarnitrile.
Abstract:
The invention relates to polyphenylene polymethylene polyisocyanates having an NCO number of at least 29% and containing less than 2 wt% of carbamides, less than 8 wt% of carbodiimides or uretonimines, and less than 1000 ppm of organic chlorine compounds. According to the invention, the polyphenylene polymethylene polyisocyanates can be produced in that (i) polyphenylene polymethylene polyamines are reacted with organic carbonates in order to form the corresponding polyphenylene polymethylene polycarbamates, (ii) the polyphenylene polymethylene carbamates are thermally cleaved in order to form the polyphenylene polymethylene polyisocyanates, wherein, before the thermal cleavage, the free amino groups or carbamide groups present in the carbamate raw mixture containing the polyphenylene polymethylene polycarbamates are reacted with a derivatization reactant in order to form amide groups or urethane groups. According to the invention, the polyphenylene polymethylene polyisocyanates can also be produced in that, before the thermal cleavage, compounds having free amino groups or carbamide groups that are present in the carbamate raw mixture are separated from the carbamate raw mixture by filtration of the carbamate raw mixture containing the polyphenylene polymethylene polycarbamates by means of a solid acidic adsorbent in the presence of an acid dissolved in the carbamate raw mixture.