Abstract:
A method for loading a support with a compound in an organic solvent, characterized in that the organic solvent contains an amine. The organic solvent preferably has a hydroxy group. The compound preferably has at least one of carboxyl, sulfonic, phosphoric, phosphonic, and alkoxysilyl groups. The support is preferably a metal oxide, such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, or aluminum oxide. The resulting compound-loaded support is suited for use as an electrode.
Abstract:
A laminate of layered substances each containing two or more kinds of elements as constituent elements is contained in an ionic liquid containing a specific cation, and the ionic liquid containing the laminate is irradiated with one or both of sonic waves and electric waves.
Abstract:
This carrier system carries at least one type of sensitizing dye described in (A) below and at least one type of sensitizing dye described in (B) below: (A) a sensitizing dye having a À-conjugated group and at least one anchor group, wherein the À-conjugated group and every one of the anchor group(s) are connected by a spacer having at least one alkylene and having an atomicity of 5 to 20; and (B) a sensitizing dye having a À-conjugated group and at least one anchor group, wherein the À-conjugated group and at least one anchor group are connected by a direct bond or by a spacer having at least one alkylene and having an atomicity of 1 to 4. In (A) and (B), the spacer is composed of carbon atoms, or carbon atoms and oxygen atom(s) etc., under predetermined conditions (see Description), and may have a branched chain or a ring structure.