Abstract:
A scatterometer is used in a dark-field imaging mode to measure asymmetry-related parameters such overlay. Measurements of small grating targets are made using identical optical paths, with the target in two orientations to obtain separate measurements of +1 and -1 diffraction orders. In this way, intensity scaling differences (tool asymmetry) are avoided. However, additive Intensity defects due to stray light (ghosts) in the optical system cannot be avoided. Additive intensity issues strongly depend on the ratio between 0th and 1st order diffraction and are therefore strongly wafer (process) dependent opposite. Calibration measurements (CM1-CM4) are made on a few representative target gratings having biases (+d, –d). The calibration measurements are made, using not only different wafer rotation (RZ = 0, π ) but also complementary apertures (13N, 13S). Corrections (δ, G) are calculated and applied calculate corrected asymmetry A', to reduce error caused by stray light.