Abstract:
An array of reflective elements is disclosed, at least one of the reflective elements being mounted on a mounting which comprises a rod at least partially located within a sleeve. A first end of the rod is fixed to a first end of the sleeve and a second end of the rod is moveable, the sleeve including a first resiliently flexible portion which is configured to bend in order to allow the movement of the second end of the rod to take place, wherein the reflective element is mounted at the first end of the sleeve such that bending of the sleeve causes rotation of the reflective element.
Abstract:
An actuator (300) to displace, for example a mirror, provides movement with at least two degrees of freedom by varying the currents in two electromagnets (370, 372, 376, 378). A moving part includes a permanent magnet (362) with a magnetic face constrained to move over a working area lying substantially in a first plane perpendicular to a direction of magnetization of the magnet. The electromagnets have pole faces (380, 382) lying substantially in a second plane closely parallel to the first plane, each pole face substantially filling a quadrant of the area traversed by the face of the moving magnet. An optical position sensor (390) may direct a beam of radiation (398) at the moving magnet through a central space between the electromagnets. The sizes of facets in a pupil mirror device may be made smaller in a peripheral region, but larger in a central region, thereby relaxing focusing requirements.
Abstract:
An illumination system is disclosed that has a plurality of moveable reflective elements (22a, 22b, 22c) and associated actuators which may be configured to form an illumination mode. One or more of the actuators is arranged to move between first, second and third positions, and so move an associated moveable reflective element (22a, 22b, 22c) between first, second and third orientations, the first and second orientations being such that radiation reflected from the moveable reflective element (22a, 22b, 22c) forms part of the illumination mode, and the third orientation being such that radiation reflected from the moveable reflective element does not form part of the illumination mode.
Abstract:
An EUV optical apparatus includes a number of adjustable mirrors (22x) on mirror bodies (120). Each mirror body is supported on an actuator (l00x) comprising a moving part (132, 134, 136) and a fixed casing part (128, 130). The actuator provides a resilient support (140, 142) for the mirror body so that it is tiltable with two degrees relative to the casing. An electromagnetic motor (166, 170-178) applies first part, under the influence of an applied motive force, the resilient mounting being arranged to provide a biasing force that resists said motive force. A magnetic coupling (102, 104a, 104b) is arranged between the moving and fixed parts so as to provide a counter-biasing force. The counter-biasing force partly opposes said biasing force and thereby reduces the motive force required to effect a given displacement. The actuator can thus be made with reduced size, weight and heat dissipation.
Abstract:
An optical apparatus having a moveable reflective element (110) and associated actuator (109) is disclosed. The actuator comprises a first magnet (113) which is connected to the moveable reflective element such that movement of the first magnet will cause the moveable ref lectiveelement to move, and a second magnet (114) which is connected to a motor (116) such that operation of the motor will cause the second magnet to move, wherein the second magnet is positioned relative to the first magnet such that moving the second magnet will cause the first magnet to move.
Abstract:
An actuator system is provided that is configured to move a component relative to a base of the actuator system. The actuator system includes first and second actuating elements, each comprising two sections of material that are joined to each other and have different coefficients of thermal expansion. The two actuating elements are configured such that if the temperature of one is increased it applies a force on the component in a direction that is opposite to the force applied by the other actuating element if its temperature is increased. The actuator system further includes at least one power supply configured to provide independently controllable heating to the first and second actuating elements.
Abstract:
An actuator to displace, for example a mirror, provides movement with at least two degrees of freedom by varying the currents in two electromagnets. A moving part includes a permanent magnet with a magnetic face constrained to move over a working area lying substantially in a first plane perpendicular to a direction of magnetization of the magnet. The electromagnets have pole faces lying substantially in a second plane closely parallel to the first plane, each pole face substantially filling a quadrant of the area traversed by the face of the moving magnet. An optical position sensor may direct a beam of radiation at the moving magnet through a central space between the electromagnets. The sizes of facets in a pupil mirror device may be made smaller in a peripheral region, but larger in a central region, thereby relaxing focusing requirements.