Abstract:
The present disclosure relates to a manhole for a gas-phase polymerization unit having a through-hole formed with a shoulder (28) matching a corresponding shoulder (38) of a plug of a closure member (30) operatively inserted in said through-hole. In some embodiments, the through-hole is closed with a minimum clearance (47) so that polymer particles do not deposit in the gap between the wall (10) of the unit and the plug of the closure member (30). In further embodiments, retrofitting of standard manholes using the manhole disclosed herein is performed.
Abstract:
A process and apparatus for producing olefin polymers are disclosed, comprising: a. polymerizing one or more olefins in the gas phase, in the presence of an olefin polymerization catalyst, whereby growing polymer particles flow along a cylindrically- shaped downward path in densified form under the action of gravity so as to form a densified bed of downward-flowing polymer particles b. allowing said polymer particles to flow through a restriction of the densified bed, such restriction being positioned in a restriction zone extending from the bed upward to a distance of 15% of the total height of the densified bed; and c. metering an antistatic agent through a feed line connected to the densified bed at a feed point being located in a feed zone extending from the top of the restriction upward, to a distance five times the diameter of the section of the densified bed above the restriction.
Abstract:
An apparatus for the liquid-phase polymerization of one or more α-olefins comprising: a first reactor selected from a loop reactor or a continuously stirred tank reactor; at least a downstream loop reactor; a connection line for transferring a polymer slurry from said first reactor to said downstream loop reactor, said connection line comprising: one or more adjacent pipes arranged at progressively increasing heights, each pipe forming with a horizontal direction (x) an angle α greater than the angle of rest of the obtained polymer; an on-off valve positioned flush with the wall of said downstream loop reactor.
Abstract:
A fluid is fed into a polymer bed of a fluidized bed gas phase polymerization reactor by introducing it into the polymer bed through a distributor protruding into the fluidized bed zone of the reactor and terminating with a discharge end positioned so that the following equation is fulfilled: d/D > 0.002 wherein d is the distance of the distributor's discharge end from the wall of the reactor, and D is the diameter of the reactor in the fluidized bed zone.
Abstract:
A gas-phase polymerization reactor having interconnected polymerization zones comprising: - a riser through which the polymer particles flow upwards under fast fluidization conditions or transport conditions; -a dowcomer through which the polymer particles flow downward in a densified form under the action of gravity, the bottom of said downcomer being connected to the lower region of said riser by means of a transport section, said transport section being designed as a bend descending from the downcomer to the riser.
Abstract:
A process for the polymerisation of olefins carried out in a gas-phase reactor having interconnected polymerization zones, where the growing polymer particles flow upward through a first polymerization zone (riser) under fast fluidization or transport conditions, leave said riser and enter a second polymerization zone (downcomer) through which they flow downward under the action of gravity, leave said downcomer and are reintroduced into the riser, a gas recycle stream being withdrawn from said first polymerisation zone, subjected to cooling below its dew point and then returned to said first polymerisation zone, the process being characterised in that said gas recycle stream is cooled at a temperature Tc ranging from 0.05°C to 3°C below its dew point.
Abstract:
A process for the multistage polymerization of olefins in a sequence of an upstream slurry reactor and a downstream gas-phase reactor, the transfer of polymer from the upstream reactor to the downstream reactor comprising the following steps: a) heating the slurry of polyolefin particles to evaporate the liquid polymerization medium; b) separating the polyolefin particles from the obtained gaseous phase in at least a separation chamber; c) transferring the polyolefin particles to said downstream reactor by means of a couple of lock hoppers working intermittently in parallel, where one of said lock hoppers is continuously filled with the polymer coming from said separation chamber, while simultaneously the other one is continuously pressurized by means of a gas comprising the reaction mixture coming from said downstream reactor.
Abstract:
A process for the polymerisation of olefins carried out in a gas-phase reactor having interconnected polymerization zones, where the growing polymer particles flow upward through a first polymerization zone (riser) under fast fluidization or transport conditions, leave said riser and enter a second polymerization zone (downcomer) through which they flow downward under the action of gravity, leave said downcomer and are reintroduced into the riser, a gas recycle stream being withdrawn from said first polymerisation zone, subjected to cooling below its dew point and then returned to said first polymerisation zone, the process being characterised in that said gas recycle stream is cooled at a temperature Tc ranging from 0.05°C to 3°C below its dew point.
Abstract:
An apparatus for the liquid-phase polymerization of one or more α-olefins comprising: a first reactor selected from a loop reactor or a continuously stirred tank reactor; at least a downstream loop reactor; a connection line for transferring a polymer slurry from said first reactor to said downstream loop reactor, said connection line comprising: one or more adjacent pipes arranged at progressively increasing heights, each pipe forming with a horizontal direction (x) an angle α greater than the angle of rest of the obtained polymer; an on-off valve positioned flush with the wall of said downstream loop reactor.