Abstract:
The present disclosure relates to a manhole for a gas-phase polymerization unit having a through-hole formed with a shoulder (28) matching a corresponding shoulder (38) of a plug of a closure member (30) operatively inserted in said through-hole. In some embodiments, the through-hole is closed with a minimum clearance (47) so that polymer particles do not deposit in the gap between the wall (10) of the unit and the plug of the closure member (30). In further embodiments, retrofitting of standard manholes using the manhole disclosed herein is performed.
Abstract:
A process for the gas-phase polymerization of α-olefms carried out in two interconnected polymerization zones, wherein the growing polymer particles flow through the first of said polymerization zones (riser) under fast fluidization conditions, leave said riser and enter the second of said polymerization zones (downcomer) through which they flow downward in a densified form, the process being characterized in that: (a) the gas mixture present in the riser is totally or partially prevented from entering the downcomer by introducing into the upper part of said downcomer a liquid stream LB having a composition different from the gaseous mixture present in the riser; (b) the ratio R between the flow rate F p of polymer circulated between said downcomer and said riser and the flow rate LB of said liquid being adjusted in a range from 10 to 50.
Abstract:
A process for the preparation of polyolefins carried out in the presence of an antistatic composition comprising: a) a compound of formula R-OH wherein R represents hydrogen or a linear or branched, saturated alkyl group having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms; and b) an oligomeric or polymeric organic compound having one or more terminal hydroxyl groups and a viscosity at 40 °C of at least 20 mm 2 /sec (DIN 51562).
Abstract:
A process for the gas-phase polymerization of one or more alpha-olefms in the presence of a polymerization catalyst, the process comprising: - at least a polymerization step wherein the polymer particles flow downward in densified form under the action of gravity so as to form a densified polymer bed; - metering an anti-fouling agent in said polymerization step by means of at least N feeding lines placed at different heights of said densified polymer bed, N being the integer number satisfying the equation N> (1+0.08 % H), where H is the height (expressed in meters) of the polymer bed.
Abstract:
A fluid is fed into a polymer bed of a fluidized bed gas phase polymerization reactor by introducing it into the polymer bed through a distributor protruding into the fluidized bed zone of the reactor and terminating with a discharge end positioned so that the following equation is fulfilled: d/D > 0.002 wherein d is the distance of the distributor's discharge end from the wall of the reactor, and D is the diameter of the reactor in the fluidized bed zone.
Abstract:
A process is disclosed for the polymerization of olefins in gas phase carried out in a reactor having two interconnected polymerization zones, a first zone (riser) and a second zone (downcomer), wherein the growing polymer particles: a) flow through the riser under fast fluidization conditions established by feeding a mixture of gas and liquid; b) leave the riser and enter the downcomer, through which they flow downward in a densified form; c) leave the downcomer and are reintroduced into the riser, thus establishing a circulation of polymer between the riser and the downcomer; and wherein the reactor is operated at a temperature which is between 0° C and 5° C above the dew point of the riser gas at the operating pressure, so that in the riser, besides the growing polymer particles and gas flow, an amount of liquid is also present.
Abstract:
A gas-phase polymerization reactor having interconnected polymerization zones comprising: - a riser through which the polymer particles flow upwards under fast fluidization conditions or transport conditions; -a dowcomer through which the polymer particles flow downward in a densified form under the action of gravity, the bottom of said downcomer being connected to the lower region of said riser by means of a transport section, said transport section being designed as a bend descending from the downcomer to the riser.
Abstract:
A process for the polymerisation of olefins in the presence of a solid catalyst component and a catalyst activator, the process being performed in a gas-phase reactor having interconnected polymerization zones, where the growing polymer particles flow upward through a first polymerization zone (riser) under fast fluidization conditions, leave said riser and enter a second polymerization zone (downcomer) through which they flow downward under the action of gravity, leave said downcomer and are reintroduced into the riser, thus establishing a polymer circulation between said riser and said downcomer, the process being characterized in that said solid catalyst component has an average size P50 ranging from 20 μm to 65 μm and the gas flows upward in said first polymerization zone at a velocity ranging from 0.8 to 2.0 m/s.
Abstract:
A process for the polymerisation of olefins carried out in a gas-phase reactor having interconnected polymerization zones, where the growing polymer particles flow upward through a first polymerization zone (riser) under fast fluidization or transport conditions, leave said riser and enter a second polymerization zone (downcomer) through which they flow downward under the action of gravity, leave said downcomer and are reintroduced into the riser, a gas recycle stream being withdrawn from said first polymerisation zone, subjected to cooling below its dew point and then returned to said first polymerisation zone, the process being characterised in that said gas recycle stream is cooled at a temperature Tc ranging from 0.05°C to 3°C below its dew point.
Abstract:
A process for the multistage polymerization of olefins in a sequence of an upstream slurry reactor and a downstream gas-phase reactor, the transfer of polymer from the upstream reactor to the downstream reactor comprising the following steps: a) heating the slurry of polyolefin particles to evaporate the liquid polymerization medium; b) separating the polyolefin particles from the obtained gaseous phase in at least a separation chamber; c) transferring the polyolefin particles to said downstream reactor by means of a couple of lock hoppers working intermittently in parallel, where one of said lock hoppers is continuously filled with the polymer coming from said separation chamber, while simultaneously the other one is continuously pressurized by means of a gas comprising the reaction mixture coming from said downstream reactor.