Abstract:
The iron-containing catalyst suitable for use as a catalyst contains a) iron or a mixture containing iron and an iron-based compound. The iron has an average crystallite size ranging from 1-35 nm measured by X-ray diffraction.
Abstract:
The oxidic material suitable for use as a hydrogenation catalyst contains a) bivalent and trivalent iron, the atomic ratio of bivalent iron to trivalent iron ranging from more than 0.5 to 5.5, and b) oxygen as a counter ion to the bivalent and trivalent iron.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for hydrogenating aliphatic alpha-, omega-dinitriles in the presence of a heterogeneous fixed-bed catalyst. The method is characterised in that the reaction mixture contains 2 mu mol to 30 mmol Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba or Mn or mixtures thereof in the form of a basic salt, in relation to 10 mol of the aliphatic alpha-, omega-dinitrile used.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the extractive separation of homogeneously dissolved catalysts from a reaction product from a hydrocyanation of unsaturated mononitriles to dinitriles, by extraction with a carbon material (K), characterised in that a) a non-polar aprotic liquid (F) is added to the reaction product to give a stream (I) and b) the stream (I) is extracted with a carbon material (K) at a temperature (T), to give a stream (II), containing the carbon material (K), enriched with the catalyst and a stream (III), stripped of catalyst.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing hydrocyanic acid (HCN) by means of catalytic dehydration of gaseous formamide in a reactor having an inner reactor surface consisting of a steel-containing iron, chromium and nickel. The invention also relates to a reactor for producing hydrocyanic acid by means of catalytic dehydration of gaseous formamide, said reactor having an inner reactor surface consisting of a steel-containing iron, chromium and nickel. The invention further relates to the use of the inventive reactor in a method for producing hydrocyanic acid by means of catalytic dehydration of gaseous formamide.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the production of propylene oxide in the presence of methanol, during which propylene oxide is separated off from a mixture, comprising propylene oxide and methanol and the resulting mixture comprising methanol is worked up. The invention is characterised in that on working up, methanol is separated from a mixture containing methanol and methyl formate.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the catalytic hydrogenation of adipodinitrile to hexamethylene diamine at a high temperature and at high pressure in the presence of catalysts based on elementary iron as th e catalytic component, and ammonia as a solvent. The method is characterised in that a) adipodinitrile is hydrogenated at temperatures o f 70 to 220 .degree.C and at pressures of 100 to 400 bar in the presence of catalysts based on elementary iron as the catalytic component, and ammoni a as a solvent to produce a mixture containing adipodinitrile, 6-aminocapronitrile, hexamethylene diamine and high boilers, until the sum o f the 6-aminocapronitrile and adipodinitrile concentration is 1 to 50 wt. 3% in relation to the ammonia-free hydrogenation mixture; b) ammonia is separated out of the hydrogenation discharge; c) hexamethylene diamine is separated out of the remaining mixture; d) 6- aminocapronitrile and adipodinitrile are separated from the high boilers together or separately and e) 6-aminocapronitrile, adipodinitrile or their mixtures are returned to step a).
Abstract:
An organic compound having at least one C-C double bond is epoxidized by means of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of at least one catalytically active compound and at least one solvent, wherein a product mixture comprising alpha-hydroperoxyalcohols is reduced using at least one reducing agent. The process advantageously comprises at least the following steps: (i) reacting an organic compound having at least one C-C double bond with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of at least one catalytically active compound and at least one solvent to give a product mixture P1 comprising alpha-hydroperoxyalcohols; (ii) separating an epoxide formed in the reaction in step (i) and the unreacted organic compound having at least one C-C double bond from P1 or P1' to give a product mixture P2 or P2', where P2 comprises the alpha-hydroperoxyalcohols formed as by-product in the reaction in step (i) and P2' is largely free of alpha-hydroperoxyalcohols; (iii) treating P1 and/or P2 with at least one reducing agent so that the alpha-hydroperoxyalcohols are converted into corresponding glycols to give a product mixture P1' or P3.