Abstract:
In the reactor for carrying out catalytic organic reactions in the gas phase, having reaction tubes (A) arranged between tube plates (B), the reaction tubes have an internal diameter in the range from 0.5 to 3 cm, the reaction tube length/internal diameter ratio is between 2 and 10, and a fluid heat transfer medium flows in the lateral direction around the reaction tubes (A). The tube bundle reactor is particularly suitable for exothermic organic reactions. … …
Abstract:
The present application describes a process for regenerating a ruthenium catalyst for the hydrogenation of benzene, which comprises flushing the catalyst with inert gas in a regeneration step until the original or part of the original activity is attained.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing maleic anhydride by the heterogeneous catalytic gas phase oxidation of hydrocarbons comprising at least four carbon atoms with gases containing oxygen, in the presence of a volatile phosphorus compound, on a catalyst containing vanadium, phosphor and oxygen in a multitube flow reactor unit with at least one reaction zone that is cooled by a heat-transfer medium, at a temperature ranging between 350 and 500 °C. In the first reaction zone, in relation to the educt supply, the supply temperature and/or the supply quantity is set in such a way that the average temperature of the heat transfer medium in the first reaction zone TSB(1st zone), said temperature being produced by the average value formation of the supply temperature and the drainage temperature of the heat-transfer medium, fulfils the formulas (I) and (II): (I) TSB(1st zone)
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing hydrocyanic acid (HCN) by means of catalytic dehydration of gaseous formamide in a reactor having an inner reactor surface consisting of a steel-containing iron, chromium and nickel. The invention also relates to a reactor for producing hydrocyanic acid by means of catalytic dehydration of gaseous formamide, said reactor having an inner reactor surface consisting of a steel-containing iron, chromium and nickel. The invention further relates to the use of the inventive reactor in a method for producing hydrocyanic acid by means of catalytic dehydration of gaseous formamide.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the heterogeneously catalysed partial gas phase oxidation of acrolein to form acrylic acid, whereby the initial mixture of reaction gas is oxidised on a fixed-bed catalyst bed which consists of at least two fixed-bed catalyst bed zones and is arranged in two successive temperature zones A and B. The transition from temperature zone A to temperature zone B does not coincide with a transition from a fixed-bed catalyst bed zone to another fixed-bed catalyst bed zone.
Abstract:
Conversion of an aromatic hydrocarbon or its mixture containing sulfur containing aromatic compounds comprises lowering the content of the sulfur containing compound in the presence of hydrogen, and hydrogenating the aromatic hydrocarbon or its mixture in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst and hydrogen. An independent claim is included for a method for desulfurization of the aromatic hydrocarbon or its mixture comprising lowering the content of sulfur containing aromatic compound to = 70 ppb using desulfurization agent, where the total amount of the sulfur containing aromatic compound is = 200 ppb, and the desulfurization agent contains copper oxide (35-45 wt.%), zinc oxide (35-45 wt.%) and alumina (10-30 wt.%).
Abstract:
A process for the reaction of an organic compound with a hydroperoxide comprises at least the steps (i) to (iii) below:(i) reaction of the hydroperoxide with the organic compound to give a mixture comprising the reacted organic compound and unreacted hydroperoxide,(ii) separation of the unreacted hydroperoxide from the mixture resulting from step (i),(iii) reaction of the hydroperoxide separated off in step (ii) with the organic compound.
Abstract:
A process for the production of maleic acid anhydride by heterogeneous catalytic gas phase oxidation of hydrocarbons having at least four carbon atoms with oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a volatile phosphorus compound at a vanadium, phosphorus and oxygen-containing catalyst in a tubular reactor unit having at least one reaction zone cooled by a heat exchange medium at 350-500 degreesC. A process for the production of maleic acid anhydride by heterogeneous catalytic gas phase oxidation of hydrocarbons having at least four carbon atoms with oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a volatile phosphorus compound at a vanadium, phosphorus and oxygen-containing catalyst in a tubular reactor unit having at least one reaction zone cooled by a heat exchange medium at 350-500 degreesC. With respect to the addition of reactants to the first reaction zone, the addition temperature and/or addition amount of the heat exchange medium are such that the average temperature of the heat exchange medium in the first reaction zone (TSB(1. zone)) is described by formula (1) and (2). TSB(1.zone) at most TD(1.zone)-TSafety(1.zone) (1) TSB,Amax(1.zone)-TA(1.zone) at most TSB(1.zone) at most TSB,Amax(1.zone)+TB(1.zone) (2) TD(1.zone) = through temperature in the first reaction zone corresponding to the average temperature of the heat exchange medium at which a 1 degreesC increase in the average temperature of the heat exchange medium results in a 5 degreesC increase of the hot spot temperature of the first reaction zone THS(1.zone); TSB(1.zone) = average temperature of the heat exchange medium; TSafety(1.zone) = safety temperature of the first reaction zone and is 1 degreesC; TSB,Amax(1.zone) = average temperature of the heat exchange medium in the first reaction zone in the region TSB(1.zone) of no greater than T (1.zone) corresponding to the maximum yield of maleic acid anhydride; T (1.zone) = 20 degreesC; T (1.zone) = 10 degreesC