Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fuel cell operable at 950 deg.C or less. SOLUTION: This fuel cell contains a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte, and the cathode contains a material represented by the composition formula (Sr1-x Cax )1-y Ay Mn1-z Bz O3-δ . (In the formula, A represents at least one element selected from a group comprising Ba, Pb, Na, K, Y, and La; B represents at least one element selected from a group comprising Mg, Al, Ga, In, Sn, and elements of the subgroup 4, the subgroup 5, and the subgroup 6 in the periodic table of the elements; x is represents a value of 0.2-0.8; y represents a value of 0-0.4; z represents a value of 0 to less than 1, and δ represents a value necessary for satisfying the principle of electrical neutrality.) The fuel cell operating at moderate temperature is provided.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing oligomers, primarily consisting of repeating units, derived from 1 or 2-butene, from a hydrocarbon stream that essentially consists of branched and linear hydrocarbon compounds with 4 carbon atoms and contains olefinically branched and linear hydrocarbon compounds with 4 carbon atoms (parent stream C4). According to said method, the parent stream C4 is brought into contact with a membrane.
Abstract:
The invention relates to reaction membranes that contain a selective oxidation catalyst disposed on a ceramic membrane that selectively conducts oxide ions and that is composed of (Sr1-xCax)1-yAyMn1-zBzO3- delta , wherein A represents Ba, Pb, Na, K, Y, an element of the lanthanide group or a combination of these elements, B represents Mg, Al, Ga, In, Sn, an element of the 3d or 4d period or a combination of these elements, x is a number of from 0.2 to 0.8, y is a number of from 0 to 0.4, z is a number of from 0 to 0.6 and delta is a number that results from the principle of electroneutrality on the basis of x, y and z. The inventive reaction membranes are suitable for use in oxidative reactions of hydrocarbons in which oxygen is used.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for processing naphtha, according to which a) naphtha or a stream generated from naphtha in a preprocessing step is divided into a stream A that is stripped of aromatics and a stream B which is enriched with aromatics in a membrane unit, the aromatics concentration in stream A ranging from 2 to 12 percent by weight (step a); b) partial stream A is directed at least in part into a steam cracker (step b); c) partial stream B is directed at least in part into a unit in which said stream B is divided into a stream C or several streams C' C'', C''',..., which has/have a lower aromatics content than stream B, and a stream D or several streams D', D'', D''',..., which has/have a higher aromatics content than stream B, by means of a thermal process (step c); d) stream C or at least one of the streams C', C'', C''' is delivered as a whole or in part to the feed for the steam cracker or directly to the steam cracker (step d).
Abstract:
The invention relates to an improved method for producing an animal food supplement containing D-panthothenic acid and/or salts thereof, in addition to the use thereof.
Abstract:
Composite membranes comprising at least one porous substrate layer and at least one microporous separation layer, comprising at least one zeolite of the MFI type, are described, the separation layer being produced by a hydrothermal synthesis in which the molar ratio of silicon to aluminum is greater than 120 and the separation layer contains less than 10% by weight of aluminum in elemental or chemically bound form in a zone of at least 100 nm adjacent to the separation layer.
Abstract:
Procedimiento para la separación de una mezcla acuosa de reacción, producida durante la fabricación de hidroxilamina con ayuda de un catalizador, que contiene, entre otros, trocitos sólidos de catalizador, en una corriente parcial enriquecida en catalizador y otra empobrecida en catalizador mediante ultrafiltración en una membrana inorgánica, caracterizado porque el diámetro medio de poro de dicha membrana inorgánica es menor de 10 nm.
Abstract:
Process for the work-up of naphtha, wherein a) naphtha or a stream produced from naphtha in a pretreatment step is separated in a membrane unit into a stream A which is depleted in aromatics and a stream B which is enriched in aromatics, with the aromatics concentration in stream A being from 2 to 12% by weight (step a), b) at least part of the substream A is fed to a steam cracker (step b), c) at least part of the substream B is fed to a unit in which it is separated by means of a thermal process into a stream C which has a lower aromatics content than stream B or a plurality of streams C', C'', C''' . . . which each have lower aromatics contents than stream B and a stream D which has a higher aromatics content than stream B or a plurality of streams D', D'', D''' . . . which each have higher aromatics contents than stream B (step c), and d) the stream C or at least one of the streams C', C'', C''', in each case in part or in its entirety, is added to the feed to the steam cracker or fed into the steam cracker itself (step d).
Abstract:
A crosslinkable copolyimide consisting mainly of repeating units derived from dianhydrides of given formula and containing primary amine groups, where these are in the ortho, meta, or para positions to the ether function is new. A crosslinkable copolyimide consisting mainly of repeating units derived from dianhydides of formula:(A), diamines of formula (I), diamines of formula (II): where the amino groups are in the ortho, meta, or para position, and 1 or 2 aromatic nucleus H atoms can be substituted by 1-4X alkyl, and diamines of formula (III):and containing primary amine groups, where these are in the ortho, meta, or para positions to the ether function. R1 = COOH or SO3H. Independent claims are included for: (1) membranes obtained from the crosslinked copolyimides; (2) chromatography columns containing the crosslinked copolyimides as the stationary phase; (3) a method of separating alcohols from mixtures with organic compounds of lower polarity than the alcohol, for separation of ammonia or amines from mixtures with organic compounds of lower polarity than ammonia, and for separation of water, ammonia, H2S, or organic compounds from mixtures with nitrogen or air, separation of olefins or dienes from mixtures with hydrocarbons of higher degree of saturation than the olefin or diene, e.g. separation of olefin/alkane using the membranes described or chromatography columns; (4) an olefin/alkane mixture enriched in olefin compared with the starting mixture by means of a membrane as described, and an alkane enriched stream separated, at a pressure on the membrane feed side higher than 6 bar.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an improved method for the production of D-pantothenic acid and/or salts thereof and use thereof as adjunct for animal feedstuffs.