Abstract:
Process for the polymerization of vinyl chloride in the absence of solvents or dispersing agents in two stages. In the first stage the liquid monomers are polymerized to a conversion of from 1 to 15 percent; in the second stage polymerization is continued in the powder phase in the absence of liquid vinyl chloride. The process may be carried out continuously and gives very pure polymers which may be used for all purposes for which polyvinyl chloride is usually employed.
Abstract:
PCT No. PCT/EP94/03584 Sec. 371 Date May 8, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date May 8, 1996 PCT Filed Oct. 31, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/13194 PCT Pub. Date May 18, 1995A process for the preparation of recording materials for inkjet printers by applying aqueous coating compositions to one or both sides of a sheet of paper which has been treated with size, where the coating compositions contain from 20 to 200 g/l of starch and from 1 to 50 g/l of a copolymer which is obtainable by emulsion copolymerization of 100 parts by weight of a monomer mixture comprising (a) from 10 to 65 parts by weight of styrene, alpha -methylstyrene, acrylonitrile and/or methacrylonitrile, (b) from 30 to 85 parts by weight of acrylic and/or methacrylic esters of alcohols having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, (c) from 5 to 25 parts by weight of monomers containing tertiary and/or quaternary amino groups, and (d) from 0 to 20 parts by weight of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in an aqueous medium in the presence of from 12 to 300% by weight, based on the monomers, of at least one natural or synthetic protective colloid.
Abstract:
Process for improving the printability of paper by a single- or two-sided application of aqueous coating materials consisting of a) 100 parts by weight of a finely dispersed pigment b) 5 to 70 parts by weight (based on solids) of a cationic aqueous polymer dispersion of a paper size and c) 0.01 to 10 parts by weight of a surfactant which interferes with the formation of the surface sizing and/or of a polymeric dispersant to the surface of the paper in a quantity of 0.5 to 4 g/m and drying the coated paper.
Abstract:
Sizes for paper are based on finely divided aqueous dispersions of copolymers which are obtainable by copolymerization of from 10 to 56 parts by weight of a monomer mixture of (a) from 20 to 65% by weight of (meth)acrylonitrile, (b) from 35 to 80% by weight of one or more acrylates of monohydric, saturated C3-C8-alcohols and (c) from 0 to 10% by weight of other ethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomers by an emulsion polymerization method in 100 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of from 1.7 to 25% by weight of a degraded starch having a viscosity eta i of from 0.12 to 0.50 dl/g, at from 40 DEG to 100 DEG C. in the presence of a peroxide-containing initiator.
Abstract:
Sizing agents for paper are based on finely divided aqueous dispersions of copolymers obtainable by copolymerizing from 40 to 140 parts by weight of a monomer mixture of (a) from 20 to 65% by weight of (meth)acrylonitrile, (b) from 35 to 80% by weight of one or more acrylates of monohydric saturated C3-C8-alcohols and (c) from 0 to 10% by weight of other ethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomers, the weight percentages (a), (b) and (c) always adding up to 100, in the manner of an emulsion polymerization in 100 parts by weight of an aqueous solution containing in solution from 2.7 to 15% by weight of a degraded starch having a viscosity ni from 0.04 to less than 0.12 dl/g at from 40 DEG to 100 DEG C. in the presence of a peroxide initiator.
Abstract:
Sizes for paper are based on finely divided aqueous dispersions of copolymers which are obtainable by copolymerization of from 10 to 56 parts by weight of a monomer mixture of (a) from 20 to 65% by weight of (meth)acrylonitrile, (b) from 35 to 80% by weight of one or more acrylates of monohydric, saturated C3-C8-alcohols and (c) from 0 to 10% by weight of other ethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomers by an emulsion polymerization method in 100 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of from 1.7 to 25% by weight of a degraded starch having a viscosity eta i of from 0.12 to 0.50 dl/g, at from 40 DEG to 100 DEG C. in the presence of a peroxide-containing initiator.
Abstract:
Sizes for paper are based on finely divided aqueous dispersions of copolymers which are obtainable by copolymerization of from 10 to 56 parts by weight of a monomer mixture of (a) from 20 to 65% by weight of (meth)acrylonitrile, (b) from 35 to 80% by weight of one or more acrylates of monohydric, saturated C3-C8-alcohols and (c) from 0 to 10% by weight of other ethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomers by an emulsion polymerization method in 100 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of from 1.7 to 25% by weight of a degraded starch having a viscosity eta i of from 0.12 to 0.50 dl/g, at from 40 DEG to 100 DEG C. in the presence of a peroxide-containing initiator.
Abstract:
Sizing agents for paper are based on finely divided aqueous dispersions of copolymers obtainable by copolymerizing from 40 to 140 parts by weight of a monomer mixture of (a) from 20 to 65% by weight of (meth)acrylonitrile, (b) from 35 to 80% by weight of one or more acrylates of monohydric saturated C3-C8-alcohols and (c) from 0 to 10% by weight of other ethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomers, the weight percentages (a), (b) and (c) always adding up to 100, in the manner of an emulsion polymerization in 100 parts by weight of an aqueous solution containing in solution from 2.7 to 15% by weight of a degraded starch having a viscosity ni from 0.04 to less than 0.12 dl/g at from 40 DEG to 100 DEG C. in the presence of a peroxide initiator.
Abstract:
1. A finely divided polymer dispersion which contains polymerized units of nitrogen-containing monomers, and is obtained by a two-stage polymerization reaction, wherein, in the first polymerization stage, a low molecular weight prepolymer, which has a viscosity of from 1.06 to 1.40 (measured in an Ubbelohde viscometer) in a 1% strength solution of a mixture of 99 parts by weight of dimethyl formamide and 1 part by weight of glacial acetic acid at 20 degrees C, is prepared in a water-miscible solvent, which may contain up to 15% by weight of water, in the manner of a solution copolymerization from a monomer mixture which contains (a) per mole of a nitrogen-containing monomer of the formula see diagramm : EP0051144,P13,F1 or see diagramm : EP0051144,P13,F3 where A is O or NH, B is Cn H2n , n being from 1 to 8, R**1 and R**2 are each Cm H2m+1 , m being from 1 to 4, R**3 is H or CH3 , X4 **- is OH**- , Cl**- , Br**- or CH3 -OSO3 H**- , and R**4 is Cm H2m+1 , m being from 1 to 4, (b) 2.5 to 10 moles of at least one nonionic, hydrophobic, ethylenically unsaturated monomer which, if it is polymerized on its own, forms a hydrophobic polymer, (c) 0.5 to 1.5 moles of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or maleic anhydride, and (d) 0 to 7 moles of a nonionic, hydrophilic, ethylenically unsaturated monomer, the solution of the prepolymer is diluted with water in a weight ratio of from 1:3 to 1:50 and, in the second polymerization stage, 1 to 32 parts by weight of at least one nonionic, hydrophobic, ethylenically unsaturated monomer, which is the same as monomer (b) of the prepolymer, are polymerized per part by weight of the solution polymer in this polymer solution in the manner of an emulsion polymerization in the presence of a usual amount of a water-soluble polymerization initiator.