Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing terpyridine from 2-cyanopyridine on an industrial scale. SOLUTION: Terpyridine is produced by a method containing a successive reaction process comprising (A) the condensation of a (1-4C alkyl)pyridine-2- carboxylate derivative and acetone in an aprotic solvent in the presence of a base, (B) the reaction of the obtained 1,5-bis(2-pyridyl)pentane-1,3,5-trione derivative with ammonia or an ammonium salt of the formula: (NH4 )q Y while removing produced water from the system and (C) the chlorination of the obtained 2,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-4(1H)pyridinone derivative.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the production of bisepoxides, characterised in that a conjugated diene of formula (I) is reacted with at least one peroxide with the application of up to 4 equivalents of peroxide per C-C double bond, where R is selected from hydrogen and C1-C12 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or several SH or OH groups, in the presence of a catalyst, obtained by the bringing into contact of at least one manganese compound, selected from A2MnX4, AMnX3, MnY, MnX2 and MnX3 with at least one ligand L, of general formula (II), whereby the variables have the following definitions: X may be the same or different and is selected from monovalent anions, Y is a divalent anion, A is selected from alkali metals and optionally alkylated ammonium, R may be different or preferably the same and selected from C1-C20 alkyl and at least one co-ligand, derived from monocarboxylic acids, di- or poly-carboxylic acids or diamines.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an automated method for inspecting and correcting the surfaces of flat materials, for example, leather. The invention particularly relates to a method for classifying surfaces of flat materials involving the following steps: (a) preparing a material; (b) optoelectronically sensing the surface of the material; (c) determining the number of defects; (d) determining the volume of defects and subsequently conducting an automatic classification of the flat materials based on the number and volume of defects.
Abstract:
Compositions, containing the following components a) at least two alkoxylated alcohols, b) at least one hydrophobic component, selected from natural, modified natural and synthetic hydrophobic substances, c) at least 20 % water by weight in relation to the overall weight of the composition, characterized in that the compositions have an average hydrodynamic radius ranging from 1 to 200 nm, determined by dynamic light scattering.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing leather, comprising at least two of the following method steps A) to D): A) using one or more polyelectrolytes during the production of semifinished or intermediate products, involving the addition of one or more polyelectrolytes in at least one of steps (a) to (d): (a) together with 0 to 1.5 % by weight of lime, with regard to the weight of salt, immediately before or in the lime pit; (b) before or during deliming; (c) before or during bating; (d) together with, in total, 0 to 3 % by weight of alkaline salt or alkaline earth salt, with regard to the pelt weight, immediately before or in the pickle solution; B) in the lime pit, treating the skins in an aqueous liquor with one or more compounds of general formula (B.1) or with their corresponding alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, ammonium salts or phosphonium salts, whereby variables R and X to X have the meanings as cited in the description, with the provision that at least two mercapto groups are contained in the compound or compounds B.1; C) using degreasing agents of general formula (C.1) for degreasing pelts, skins or other intermediate stages and semifinished products during the production of leather, whereby variables n and R to R have the meanings as cited in the description; D) tanning by using a tanning agent that can be produced by reacting at least one aldehyde of general formula (D.1) with at least one other identical or different aldehyde of formula (D.1) in the presence of an acid catalyst and, optionally, in the presence of at least one additional carbonyl compound of formula (D.2), whereby variables Z and R to R have the meanings as cited in the description, with the provision that, in the event Z corresponds to a chemical single bond or to a radical without alpha -hydrogen atoms, at least one additional aldehyde of formula (D.1), in which radical Z contains alpha -hydrogen atoms, or at least one additional carbonyl compound of formula (D.2) is present. The invention also relates to leather that is produced according to the inventive method.
Abstract:
Aqueous compositions containing alkoxylated alcohols and hydrophobic components, method for the production and use thereof Compositions comprising, as components, a) at least two alkoxylated alcohols, b) at least one hydrophobic component selected from natural, modified natural and synthetic hydrophobic substances, c) at least 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of water, wherein the compositions have a mean hydrodynamic radius in the range from 1 to 200 nm, determined by dynamic light scattering.
Abstract:
Mixture comprising sulfo-functional di- or tribasic carboxylic acid esters and nonhydroxylic ethers and esters with 18-45C atoms, is new. Composition (I) comprises: (a) di- or tribasic carboxylic acid esters of formula (I); (b) nonhydroxylic ethers and esters with 18-45C; and (c) optionally alkanols of formula (II) and alkanediols of formula (III) Provided that, based on the sum of the weights of nonhydroxylic ethers, nonhydroxylic esters, alkanols, alkanediols and OR and (O)2R groups, the mixture comprises up to 85% OR groups, up to 16% (O)2R groups and up to 45% nonhydroxylic ethers and esters. ((MOOC)a-bR (COO)b)m(R )n(R )p(OH)q (I) R OH (II) R (OH)2 (III) a, b = 2 or 3, provided that b = (a) a 2-6C di- or trivalent, saturated or mono- or diunsaturated, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon group, at least 50 mole% of R being saturated or monounsaturated and having a sulfonic acid group or (b) a 6C di- or trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group bearing a sulfonic acid group; R = branched 9-51C alkyl optionally substituted by alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyl; and R = 10-30C alkanediyl. Independent claims are included for: (1) a process for preparing (I); (2) aqueous and nonaqueous compositions comprising: (i) an ester mixture comprising (I) and optionally monoesters of formula (IV) and (V); and (ii) dubbing and/or hydrophobizing substances. (MOOC)dR COOR (IV) ((MOOC)dR COO)2R (V) d = 1 or 2.
Abstract:
La presente se refiere a un procedimiento para la preparación de productos semielaborados o cuero caracterizado porque se tratan pieles en tripa, pieles en tripa piqueladas o productos semielaborados con: a) por lo menos un silicato en capas y b) por lo menos un copolímero, que se puede obtener por copolimerización de: por lo menos un anhídrido de ácido dicarboxílico (A) etilénicamente insaturado derivado de por lo menos un ácido dicarboxílico C4-8; por lo menos un compuesto vinilaromático (B1) o por lo menos un oligómero (B2) de alquileno C2-10, ramificado o no ramificado, en donde por lo menos un oligómero presenta un peso molecular promedio Mn en el rango de 300 a 5000 g/mol o se puede obtener por oligomerización de por lo menos 3 equivalentes de alqueno C2-10 y opcionalmente por lo menos un monómero (C) etilénicamente insaturado diferente de (A) con por lo menos un heteroátomo y se hace reaccionar con: por lo menos un compuesto (D) del grupo de fórmulas general (1), y opcionalmente se hidroliza con agua o una solución alcalina acuosa, definiéndose las variables en el grupo de fórmulas (1) como sigue: A1 es alquileno C2-6, igual o diferente, R1 es alquilo C1-20, lineal o ramificado, n es un número entero de 1 a 200.
Abstract:
Reivindicación 1: Dispersiones acuosas de copolimerizados, que se pueden preparar por copolimerización iniciada por radicales de (A) por lo menos un anhidrido de ácido dicarboxílico etilénicamente insaturado, derivado de por lo menos un ácido dicarboxílico con 4 a 8 átomos de C, (B) por lo menos un oligómero de alqueno C3-10 ramificado o no ramificado, donde por lo menos un oligómero presenta un peso molecular medio Mn de 300 a 5000g/mol. O por oligomerización de por lo menos 3 equivalentes de alqueno C3-10, (C) opcionalmente, por lo menos un comonómero etilénicamente insaturado diferente de (A), y, opcionalmente, reacción con (D) por lo menos un compuesto de la fórmula general 1a o 1b seguida de la mezcla con agua, teniendo las variables en las fórmula 1a y 1b las definiciones siguientes: A1 son alquilenos C2-20, iguales o diferentes, R1 es alquilo C1-30, lineal o ramificado, fenilo o H, n es un número entero de 1 a 200 oscilando el contenido de agua de 30 a 99,5% en peso, con respecto a la dispersión acuosa.