Abstract:
The use of betaine compounds of the formula R1-CO-NH-X-NR2R3)+- Y-COO- where R1denotes a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 5 to 21 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 each independently denote C1- to C4-alkyl radicals, X denotes a hydrocarbon bridging element having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and Y denotes a linear or branched C1- to C4-alkylene group, as additives for fuels, especially as detergent additives for diesel fuels.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for working-up a reaction mixture (5) comprising polyetherol and dissolved alkali metal comprising catalyst, wherein at least alkali metal ions of the dissolved alkali metal comprising catalyst are partially or completely removed from the mixture by a membrane separation process, the process comprising following steps: (a) feeding the reaction mixture (5) comprising polyetherol and dissolved alkali metal comprising catalyst into a first chamber (1) of a separation unit (3), (b) feeding a solvent into a second chamber (7) of the separation unit (3), the first chamber (1) and the second chamber (7) being separated by a membrane (9), (c) transporting at least the alkali metal ions of the alkali metal comprising catalyst from the first chamber (1) into the second chamber by passing through the membrane (9).
Abstract:
The use of betaine compounds of the formula R1-CO-NH-X-N(R2R3)2+-Y-COO- where R1 denotes a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 5 to 21 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 each independently denote C1- to C4-alkyl radicals, X denotes a hydrocarbon bridging element having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and Y denotes a linear or branched C1- to C4-alkylene group, as additives for fuels, especially as detergent additives for diesel fuels.
Abstract:
Process for reducing the fouling of a surface O, wherein an aqueous solution S of at least one polymer P comprising styrene and at least one ester E of (meth)acrylic acid and polyethylene oxide in a molar ratio of 0.05:1 to 50:1 is applied to said surface O.
Abstract:
La invención se refiere a un proceso para la elaboración de una mezcla (5) de reacción que comprende poliéterol y un catalizador que comprende un metal alcalino disuelto, caracterizado en que al menos los iones del metal alcalino del catalizador que comprende un metal alcalino disuelto están parcialmente o completamente eliminados de la mezcla por un proceso separación por membrana, el proceso que comprende las etapas siguientes: (a) alimentar la mezcla (5) de reacción que comprende poliéterol y un catalizador que comprende un metal alcalino disuelto en una primera cámara (1) de una unidad (3) de separación, (b) alimentar un disolvente dentro de una segunda cámara (7) de la unidad (3) de separación, la primera cámara (1) y la segunda cámara (7) siendo separada por una membrana (9), (c) transportando al menos los iones de metales alcalinos del catalizador que comprende un metal alcalino desde la primera cámara (1) a la segunda cámara pasando a través de la membrana (9).
Abstract:
A reverse-phase suspension polymerisation process for the manufacture of polymer beads comprising forming aqueous monomer beads of an aqueous solution comprising water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer or monomer blend and polymerising the monomer or monomer blend to form polymer beads while suspended in a non-aqueous liquid, recovering polymer beads, and then cleaning the non-aqueous liquid in which the process comprises providing the non-aqueous liquid in a vessel (1), forming a suspension of monomer beads from the aqueous monomer or monomer blend in the non-aqueous liquid, initiating polymerisation to form polymerising beads, removing a suspension of the polymer beads in non-aqueous liquid from the vessel and recovering, water soluble or water swellable polymer beads from the suspension, in which the non-aqueous liquid contains impurities which comprise particles, and then transferring the non-aqueous liquid from the suspension to a cleaning stage, in which the cleaning stage provides a cleaned non-aqueous liquid suitable for use in a reverse-phase suspension polymerisation process, which cleaning stage comprises removing particles from the non-aqueous liquid in at least one filtration step. The invention also relates to the apparatus suitable for carrying out a reverse-phase suspension polymerisation and polymer beads obtainable by the process or employing the apparatus. The invention further relates to a cleaned non-aqueous liquid obtainable by the process.
Abstract:
A reverse-phase suspension polymerisation process for the manufacture of polymer beads comprising forming aqueous monomer beads of an aqueous solution comprising water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer or monomer blend and polymerising the monomer or monomer blend to form polymer beads while suspended in a non-aqueous liquid, recovering polymer beads, and then cleaning the non-aqueous liquid in which the process comprises providing the non-aqueous liquid in a vessel (1), forming a suspension of monomer beads from the aqueous monomer or monomer blend in the non-aqueous liquid, initiating polymerisation to form polymerising beads, removing a suspension of the polymer beads in non-aqueous liquid from the vessel and recovering, water soluble or water swellable polymer beads from the suspension, in which the non-aqueous liquid contains impurities which comprise particles, and then transferring the non-aqueous liquid from the suspension to a cleaning stage, in which the cleaning stage provides a cleaned non-aqueous liquid suitable for use in a reverse-phase suspension polymerisation process, which cleaning stage comprises removing particles from the non-aqueous liquid in at least one filtration step. The invention also relates to the apparatus suitable for carrying out a reverse-phase suspension polymerisation and polymer beads obtainable by the process or employing the apparatus. The invention further relates to a cleaned non-aqueous liquid obtainable by the process.
Abstract:
The use of betaine compounds of the formula R1—CO—NH—X—NR2R3)+—Y—COO− where R1 denotes a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 5 to 21 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 each independently denote C1- to C4-alkyl radicals, X denotes a hydrocarbon bridging element having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and Y denotes a linear or branched C1- to C4-alkylene group, as additives for fuels, especially as detergent additives for diesel fuels.