Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a process for acylphosphine oxides, which provides solids in a simple and cost-effective manner.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of solid acylphosphine oxides by converting an acylphosphine oxide which is in the form of a melt or in dispersed form into the solid state of aggregation with mechanical stress, shearing/internal agitation of the melt.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for the electrochemical purification of aluminium, which comprises the steps (a) provision of an electrolysis apparatus having at least one anode and at least one cathode in an electrolysis space, where the at least one anode and the at least one cathode are connected by an electrolyte and the electrolyte is present in the form of an electrolyte stream; (b) oxidation at the at least one anode which contains aluminium and at least one of the additional metals antimony, lead, iron, bismuth, tin, zinc or copper, where aluminium and the at least one additional metal go at least partly into the electrolyte in the form of their ions; (c) discharge of part of the electrolyte stream from the electrolysis space, where the substream contains at least part of the ions of aluminium and of the at least one additional metal ion; (d) removal of at least part of the at least one additional metal ion from the substream; (e) introduction of the substream which has been depleted in additional metal ions in step (d) into the electrolysis space and (f) deposition of the aluminium from the substream fed in in step (e) on the at least one cathode, where the electric current density at the at least one cathode is at least 50 A/m2.
Abstract translation:本发明涉及一种用于铝的电化学清洗力,包括以下步骤:(a)提供具有至少一个阳极和在电解室中,其中所述至少一个阳极和至少一个阴极通过电解质连接的至少一个阴极,和电解质的电解装置 是在电解质流的形式; (B)在含有铝的至少一个阳极和外来金属锑,铅,铁,铋,锡,锌或铜,铝和过渡至少一种异质金属至少部分地进入在它们的离子形式的电解质中的至少一种氧化; (C)排出从电解室中的电解质流的一部分,含有至少部分的铝离子和至少一种异质金属离子的部分流; (D)在部分流的至少一个外来金属离子的耗尽; (E)在步骤(d)馈送到Fremdmetallion耗尽的电流部分,以电解腔和(f)从在步骤(e)中铝的分离提供的至少一个阴极的部分流,所述至少一个阴极的电流密度至少 50 A /平方米施加。
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for modifying the structure of a cellulose material, wherein said material is brought in contact with a liquid treatment medium that comprises at least one ionic liquid.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the use of 1, 3 substituted imidazolium salts of the formula (I), R1 and R3 independently representing an organic group having 1 to 20 C atoms, R2, R4, and R5 independently representing a H atom or an organic radical having 1 to 20 C atoms, R4 and R5 also together being able to form an aliphatic or aromatic ring, and X representing a dicyanamide anion as a latent catalyst for curing compositions comprising epoxy compounds.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the use of 1, 3 substituted imidazolium salts of the formula (I), R1 and R3 independently representing an organic group having 1 to 20 C atoms, R2, R4, and R5 independently representing a H atom or an organic group having 1 to 20 C atoms, R4 and R5 also together being able to form an aliphatic or aromatic ring, X representing an anion having a pK B value of less than 13 (measured at 25°C, 1 bar in water or dimethylsulfoxide), and n representing 1, 2 or 3, where 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium acetate and 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazoliumacetate-acetic acid complex are excluded as the imidazolium salt, as a latent catalyst for curing compositions comprising epoxy compounds.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a solution containing cellulose and an ionic liquid containing anions and cations as a solvent, the cations being provided with at least one atom selected among the group comprising nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus supplied in a protonated form. Also disclosed are methods for the production and use thereof for a physical and chemical treatment.
Abstract:
Método para la modificación de líquidos iónicos que como catión contienen un catión fosfonio y/o amonio, el cual se selecciona del grupo representado a continuación, precisamente de - cationes amonio cuaternarios de la fórmula general - cationes de fosfonio de la fórmula general - cationes imidazolio de la fórmula general [NR 1 R 2 R 3 R] + , [PR 1 R 2 R 3 R] + , así como todos los cationes de imidazolinio y de imidazolidinio isoméricos análogos a esta fórmula, - cationes H-pirazolio de la fórmula general así como cationes 3H-pirazolio, cationes 4H-pirazolio, cationes 1-pirazolinio, cationes 2-pirazolinio y cationes 3pirazolinio, - cationes piridinio de la fórmula general así como piridazinio, pirimidinio y pirazinio, - cationes pirrolidinio de la fórmula general - cationes heterocíclicos de cinco hasta al menos seis miembros que tienen al menos un átomo de fósforo o de nitrógeno así como opcionalmente un átomo de oxígeno o azufre, - cationes de triazol de la fórmula general en cuyo caso el núcleo de triazol puede estar sustituido con al menos un grupo que se selecciona del grupo que se compone de grupos alquilo de C1-C6, alcoxi de C1-C6, amino-alquilo de C1-C6, arilo de C5-C12 o alquil(de C1-C6)-arilo de C5-C12, - el catión 1,8-diazabiciclo[5.4.0]undec-7-enio así como el catión 1,8-diazabiciclo-[4.3.0]non-5-enio - cationes quinolinio de la fórmula general - cationes de tiazolio de la fórmula general - cationes triazinio de la fórmula general así como oligómeros y polímeros que contienen estos cationes, en cuyo caso los residuos R, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 y R 9 independientemente uno de otro, cada uno, significan hidrógeno, alquilo de C1-C18, arilo de C6-C12, cicloalquilo de C5-C12, alquilo de C2-C18 o un heterociclo de cinco a seis miembros que tiene átomos de oxígeno, nitrógeno y/o azufre o dos de ellos forman conjuntamente un anillo insaturado, saturado o aromático y opcionalmente interrumpido por uno o varios átomos de oxígeno y/o de azufre y/o uno o varios grupos imino, sustituidos o sin sustituir, en cuyo caso los residuos nombrados pueden estar sustituidos respectivamente por grupos funcionales, arilo, alquilo, ariloxi, alquiloxi, halógeno, heteroátomos y/o heterociclos y un anión que se selecciona del grupo que se compone de haluros, arilsulfonatos, alquilsulfonatos, sulfato, hidrosulfato, alquilsulfatos, hidrocarbonato, carbonato, triflatos y carboxilatos, caracterizado porque estos líquidos iónicos en un primer paso de proceso reaccionan con un alcóxido o hidróxido de bario a 10 hasta 90 °C, en cuyo caso resultan líquidos iónicos fuertemente básico, y los líquidos iónicos fuertemente básicos se neutralizan con un ácido en un segundo paso de proceso.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a solution comprising cellulose, an ionic liquid comprising anions and cations as solvent and 6-30% by weight of a nitrogen-comprising base, based on the total weight of the solution, its preparation and also its use for the physical or chemical treatment of cellulose.