Abstract:
The invention relates to a thermomagnetic generator which converts thermal energy to electrical energy without intermediate conversion to mechanical work and which works at temperatures in the range of -20°C to 200°C. Said thermomagnetic generator comprises a thermomagnetic material which is e.g. selected from (1) compounds of general formula (I): (AyBy-1)2+dCwDxEz (I), wherein A represents Mn or Co; B represents Fe, Cr or Ni; C, D, E represent elements C, D, E at least two of which are different, have a not insignificant concentration and are selected from P, B, Se, Ge, Ga, Si, Sn, N, As and Sb, at least one of C, D and E representing Ge or Si; d is a number in the range of -0.1 to 0.1; w, x, y, z are numbers in the range of 0 to 1, w + x + z = 1.
Abstract translation:热磁发电机,所述热能转化为电能的转化而无需中间转换成机械功,在温度范围从-20℃至200℃下操作,含有热磁材料,其例如由式(1)如下通式的化合物中选择 (I)(AyBy-1)2 + dCwDxEz(I)与所述含义:锰或Co; 乙的Fe,Cr或Ni中 C,D,至少ë两个C,D,E的彼此不同的,有一个非零浓度和选自P,B,硒,锗,镓,硅,锡,N,As和Sb中选择,其中,至少一个 的C,D和E为Ge或Si; 在-0.1〜0.1的范围d号码; W,X,Y,Z是数字范围从0到1,其中w + X + Z = 1。
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for producing 1,3-disubstituted imidazolium salts of formula I, wherein R1 and R3 independently represent an organic radical comprising 1 to 20 C atoms, R2, R4, and R5 independently represent an H atom or an organic radical comprising 1 to 20 C atoms, X represents the anion of a hydrogen acid having a minimum pKs value of 2 (measured at 25°C and at 1 bar in water or dimethyl sulfoxide), and n represents 1, 2, or 3. Said method is characterized in that a) an a-dicarbonyl compound, an aldehyde, an amine, and the hydrogen acid of the anion X- are reacted with each other, and b) the reaction is carried out in water along with a solvent that can be mixed with water or the mixtures thereof.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a packed heat exchanger bed made of thermomagnetic material particles, comprising an average diameter in the range of 50 µm to 1 mm and resulting in a porosity in the range of 30 to 45% in the packed bed, and a heat exchanger bed made of a thermomagnetic material monolith comprising through channels having a cross-sectional area of the individual channels in the range of 0.001 to 0.2 mm2 and a wall thickness of 50 to 300 µm, having a porosity in the range of 10 to 60%, and having a ratio of surface area to volume in the range of 3000 to 50000 m2/m3, or comprising a plurality of parallel plates having a plate thickness from 0.1 to 2 mm and a plate spacing distance of 0.05 to 1 mm.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a packed heat exchanger bed made of thermomagnetic material particles, comprising an average diameter in the range of 50 µm to 1 mm and resulting in a porosity in the range of 30 to 45% in the packed bed, and a heat exchanger bed made of a thermomagnetic material monolith comprising through channels having a cross-sectional area of the individual channels in the range of 0.001 to 0.2 mm2 and a wall thickness of 50 to 300 µm, having a porosity in the range of 10 to 60%, and having a ratio of surface area to volume in the range of 3000 to 50000 m2/m3, or comprising a plurality of parallel plates having a plate thickness from 0.1 to 2 mm and a plate spacing distance of 0.05 to 1 mm.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing form bodies for heat exchangers comprising a thermomagnetic material, wherein the form bodies have channels for conducting a fluid heat exchange medium, wherein a powder of the thermomagnetic material is introduced to a bonding agent, the resulting moulding material is applied to a carrier by a pressure process and the bonding agent is removed and then the resulting green body and, if applicable the carrier, are sintered.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the use of 1, 3 substituted imidazolium salts of the formula (I), R1 and R3 independently representing an organic group having 1 to 20 C atoms, R2, R4, and R5 independently representing a H atom or an organic radical having 1 to 20 C atoms, R4 and R5 also together being able to form an aliphatic or aromatic ring, and X representing a dicyanamide anion as a latent catalyst for curing compositions comprising epoxy compounds.
Abstract:
Empleo de sales de imidazolio sustituidas en 1, 3 de la fórmula IdondeR1 y R3 representan independientemente uno de otro un radical metilo, etilo, n-propilo, isopropilo, n-butilo, sec.-butilo o tert.-butiloR4, y R5 representan independientemente uno de otro un átomo de H o un radical orgánico con 1 a 20 átomos de C,donde R4 y R5 también pueden formar juntos un anillo alifático o aromático,R2 representa un átomo de H,X representa un anión con un valor pKB inferior a 13 (medido a 25°C, 1 bar en agua o dimetilsulfóxido)y es elegido de entre cianato y compuestos con 1 a 20 átomos de C, el cual contiene un grupo carboxilato y apartede los átomos de oxígeno del grupo carboxilato no contiene otros heteroátomos yn representa 1,donde se excluyen acetato de 1-etil-2,3-dimetilimidazolio y complejo de ácido acético-acetato de 1-etil-2,3-dimetilimidazolio en la forma de sales de imidazolio, como catalizadores latentes para el curado de mezclas quecontienen compuestos epóxido.
Abstract:
A method for depositing at least one layer selected from diffusion barriers, further protective barriers, adhesion promoters, solders and electric contacts onto thermoelectric materials is characterised in that the at least one layer is rolled or pressed onto the thermoelectric material at a temperature at which the thermoelectric material is flowable.
Abstract:
A thermomagnetic generator which converts thermal energy to electrical energy without intermediate conversion to mechanical work and which works at temperatures in the range from -20° C. to 200° C. comprises a thermomagnetic material selected from, for example, (1) compounds of the general formula (I) (AyBy-1)2+deltaCwDxEz(I) where A is Mn or Co, B is Fe, Cr or Ni, C, D and E at least two of C, D and E are different, have a non-vanishing concentration and are selected from P, B, Se, Ge, Ga, Si, Sn, N, As and Sb, where at least one of C, D and E is Ge or Si, delta is a number in the range from -0.1 to 0.1, w, x, y, z are numbers in the range from 0 to 1, where w+x+z=1.
Abstract:
Se proporciona un proceso para preparar alcanoles (I) seleccionados del grupo que consiste en isopropanol y 2-butanol a partir de los alcanos (II) correspondientes, seleccionados del grupo que consiste en propano y n-butano. El proceso consiste en los pasos de: (A) una corriente gaseosa de uso a que contiene el alcano (II); (B) la corriente gaseosa de uso a que contiene el alcano (II) se alimenta hacia una zona de deshidrogenación y el alcano (II) se somete a una deshidrogenación al alqueno (III) para obtener una corriente gaseosa de productos b que contiene el alqueno (III), alcano (II) no convertido, con o sin sustancias con punto de ebullición alto, vapor, hidrógeno y sustancias con punto de ebullición bajo; (C) la corriente gaseosa de productos b está al menos comprimida, y la corriente gaseosa de productos b se separa optativamente en una fase acuosa c1, una fase c2 que contiene el alqueno (III) y el alcano (II), con o sin sustancias de punto de ebullición alto, y una fase gaseosa c3 que contiene hidrógeno y sustancias de punto de ebullición bajo; (D) la corriente gaseosa de productos b o la fase c que contiene alqueno (III) y alcano (II) reacciona en una zona de esterificación con un ácido orgánico (IV) para obtener una mezcla de productos d que contienen el éster alquílico (V) correspondiente del ácido orgánico y el alcano (II) no convertido; (E) una corriente gaseosa el que contiene alcano (II) se separa de la mezcla de productos d y se recircula optativamente hacia la zona de deshidrogenación, y se obtiene una mezcla de productos e2 que contiene el éster alquílico; (F) la mezcla de productos e2 que contiene el éster alquílico reacciona en una zona de desesterificación con agua para obtener una mezcla de productos f que contiene el alcanol (I) y el ácido orgánico (IV); (G) el alcanol (I) y el ácido orgánico (IV) se separan de la mezcla de productos f, y como una opción, el ácido orgánico se recircula hacia la zona de esterificación.1.