Abstract:
The present invention relates to a water-absorbing material obtainable by a process comprising the steps of A) treating a particulate, non-surface-crosslinked, water-absorbing polymer with a mixture comprising an aqueous solvent and at least one salt of a transition metal and B) irradiating the polymer treated according to A) with UV radiation, to a process for its production and to articles comprising the water-absorbing material.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the distillation of mixtures which contain salts having a melting point of less than 200°C at 1 bar (ionic liquids). Said method is characterized that the cation of the ionic liquid contains a heterocyclic ring system with at least one nitrogen atom and all nitrogen atoms of the heterocyclic ring system have an organic group as the substituent. Furthermore, the anion of the ionic liquid is a compound with at least one carboxylate group (in short: carboxylate) or at least one phosphate group (in short: phosphate). During distillation, the distance of the surface via which the distillation heat is supplied (evaporation surface) to the surface on which condensation takes place (condenser surface) is less than 50 cm in at least one point, the evaporator and condenser surface itself having a length of at least more than 50 cm.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a polymer foam having a density in the range between 5 and 120 kg/m3, containing a) a polymer component, containing at least one styrene polymer, b) 0.1 to 5 parts by weight (relative to 100 parts by weight of component a)) of a flame retardant mixture, containing b1) at least one phosphorus compound of formula (I) having a phosphorus content in the range between 5 and 80% by weight, relative to the phosphorus compound, (X1)s =PR1R2R3 (I), where the symbols and indices in formula (I) have the following meanings: R1 is C1-C16-alkyl, C1-C10-hydroxyalkyl, C2-C16-alkenyl, C1-C16-alkoxy, C2-C16-alkenoxy, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkoxy, C6-C10-aryl, C6-C10-aryloxy, C6-C10-aryl-C1-C16-alkyl, C6-C10-aryl-C1-C16-alkoxy, SR9, COR10, COOR11, CONR12R13; R2 is C1-C16-alkyl, C1-C10-hydroxyalkyl, C2-C16-alkenyl, C1-C16-alkoxy, C2-C16-alkenoxy, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkoxy, C6-C10-aryl, C6-C10-aryl-C1-C16-alkyl,C6-C10-aryl-C1-C16-alkoxy, SR9, COR10, COOR11, CONR12R13;R3 is H, SH, SR4, OH, OR5 or a group 30 -(Y1)n-[P(= X2)uR6 -(Y2)n]m-P(= X3)tR7R8; or two groups R1, R2, R3 together with the phosphorus atom to which they are bound form a ring system; X1, X2 and X3 are independently of each other identically or differently O or S; Y1, Y2 are identically or differently O or S; R4, R5, R9, R10, R11, R12,R13 are identically or differently C1-C12-alkyl, C3-C8-cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C1-C4-alkyl groups, C2-C12-alkenyl, C2-C12-alkinyl, C6-C10-aryl or C6-C10-aryl C1-C4-alkyl; R6, R7, R8 are independently of each other identically or differently C1-C16-alkyl, C1-C16-alkenyl, C1-C16-alkoxy, C1-C16-alkenoxy, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkoxy, C6-C10-aryl, C6-C10-aryloxy, C6-C10-aryl-C1-C16-alkyl, C6-C10-aryl-C1-C16-alkoxy, SR9, COR10, COOR11, CONR12R13; n is 1, if Y1 or Y2 is O, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, if Y1 or Y2 is S; m is a whole number between 0 and 100; s, t and u are independently of each other 0 or 1; and b2) elementary sulphur.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for adjusting the viscosity of a salt having a melting point below 100°C at a normal pressure (called an ionic liquid), characterized in that a compound containing at least 0.1 mol of functional groups per 100 grams of compound is added to the ionic liquid, said functional groups being selected from among acid groups, acid amide groups, amino groups, ammonium groups, and hydroxyl groups.
Abstract:
La invención se refiere a un sistema pirorretardante que consiste en: a) al menos un compuesto de azufre de la fórmula (1), donde las definiciones de los símbolos e índice son como sigue: R, siendo idéntico o diferente, preferentemente idéntico, es arilo de C6-C12, un grupo heteroarilo de 5-10 miembros el cual contiene uno o más heteroátomos del grupo de N, O y S, alquilo de C1-C18 alquenilo de C2-C18, alquinilo de C3-C18 o cicloalquilo de C3-C10 X, siendo idéntico o diferente, preferentemente idéntico, es OR2, SR2, NR2R3, COOR2, CONR2, S02R2, F, CI, Br, R, H, o un grupo Y1-P(Y2)PR'R"; y1 es o S, o NR'''; Y2 es O o S; p es 0 o 1; R' and R'', siendo idénticos o diferentes, preferentemente idénticos, son alquilo de C1-C18, alquenilo de C2-C18, alquinilo de C2-C18, arilo de C6-C12, cicloalquilo de C3-C10, aril de C6-C12-aiquiio de C1-C18, un grupo heteroarilo o grupo heteroariloxi el cual contiene uno o más heteroátomos del grupo de N, O y S, O- alquilo- (de C1-C18)-, 0-alquenilo- (de C2-C18) -, O- alquinilo- (de C2-C10)-, O-arilo- (de C6-C12) -, O-cicloalquiio-(de C3-C10)- o aril(de C6-C12)-alquil-(de C1-C18)-O; R''' es H, alquilo de C1-C18, o (P(Y2)pR'R'') ; siendo idéntico o diferente, preferentemente idéntico, es alquilo de C1-C18, alquenilo de C2-C18, alquinilo de C2-C18, C6-C12-aril, C3-C10-cicloalquil, aril de C6-C12-alquilo de C1-C18, un grupo heteroarilo el cual contiene uno o más heteroátomos del grupo de N, O y S, O-alquilo (de C1-C18), 0-alquenilo- (C2-018) -, O-alquinilo de (C3-C18) -, O-arilo de (C6-C12) -, 0-cicloalquilo- (C3-C10) -, aril (de C6-C12) - alquilo (de C1-C18) -O, S-alquilo- (C1-C18) -, S-alquenilo (de C1-C18), S-alquinilo (de C2-C18) -, S-arilo (de C6-C12) -, S- cicloalquilo (de 03-do) -, aril (de C6-C12) -alquilo (de C1-C18)-S, OH, F, Cl, Br o H; R2 y R3, siendo idénticos o diferentes, preferentemente idénticos, son H, alquilo de C1-C18, alquenilo de C2-C18, alquinilo de C2-C18, arilo de C6-C12, cicloalquilo de C3-C10, arilo de C6-C12-alquilo deC1-C18, o un grupo heteroarilo el cual contiene uno o más heteroátomos del grupo de N, O y S; n es un entero de 1 a 8, y m es un número de 1 a 1000; b) al menos un compuesto organofosforoso libre de halógeno con un contenido de fósforo en el intervalo desde 0.5 hasta 40% en peso, con base en el compuesto de fósforo.
Abstract:
La presente invención se refiere a un policarbonato que contiene al menos un grupo que contiene fósforo, al uso de policarbonato como pirorretardante, a un proceso para producir un poliuretano empleando este policarbonato y a un poliuretano que puede obtenerse mediante este proceso.