Abstract:
Methods for controlling the growth of bacteria in ethanol fermentation systems with antibiotic alternatives, which can be nonoxidizing biocides, stabilized oxidizers, or any combinations thereof, are described. As an option, a process or composition of the present invention can include one or more polycyclic antibacterial peptides. The methods can provide improvements, such as increased ethanol yields with minimal carryover of biocide into co-products of the processes.
Abstract:
A method of controlling an exothermic or endothermic chemical reaction is provided. The method involves measuring a temperature of a first reactant flowing at a first flow rate, contacting the first reactant with a second reactant flowing at a second flow rate to form a reaction product, measuring the temperature of the reaction product, and determining the temperature difference between the temperature of the first reactant and the temperature of the reaction product. The method can further involve adjusting the flow rate of at least one of the first reactant and the second reactant, or shutting down flow, based on the temperature difference. An apparatus to carry out the method is also provided. The method and apparatus can be useful in controlling many different reactions, including the reaction of sodium hypochlorite and ammonia to form monochloramine.
Abstract:
A method is provided for measuring an electrolytically-active species concentration in an aqueous or non-aqueous solution for use in providing control of the concentration of the species in a source solution thereof based on the measurements. In the method, a sample containing an electrolytically-active species is added into a measurement cell that has a working electrode and an auxiliary electrode, and a constant current is applied to the measurement cell while the working and auxiliary electrodes are in contact with the sample with monitoring of voltage difference across the electrodes until a change in the voltage difference is detected. A feedback signal is generated based on a parameter of the change in the voltage difference that is directly proportional to the amount of the electrolytically-active species in the sample, which can be used for process control. An apparatus is also described.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method of treating an aqueous system for biocide control, by adding an acidified solution that includes monoalkyldithiocarbamate salt and alkyl isothiocyanate to an aqueous system. A biocide feed system is also provided that is configured to generate a reproducible level of alkyl isothiocyanate. The method and system provide effective levels of alkyl isothiocyanate for rapid biocidal activity, along with levels of monoalkyldithiocarbamate salt which can decompose to form additional alkyl isothiocyanate and provide longer-term biocidal activity.
Abstract:
Methods for controlling the growth of bacteria in ethanol fermentation systems with antibiotic alternatives, namely stabilized oxidizers optionally in combination with nonoxidizing biocides, are described. The methods can provide improvements, such as increased ethanol yields with minimal carryover of biocide into co-products of the processes.
Abstract:
A method of controlling an exothermic or endothermic chemical reaction is provided. The method involves measuring a temperature of a first reactant flowing at a first flow rate, contacting the first reactant with a second reactant flowing at a second flow rate to form a reaction product, measuring the temperature of the reaction product, and determining the temperature difference between the temperature of the first reactant and the temperature of the reaction product. The method can further involve adjusting the flow rate of at least one of the first reactant and the second reactant, or shutting down flow, based on the temperature difference. An apparatus to carry out the method is also provided. The method and apparatus can be useful in controlling many different reactions, including the reaction of sodium hypochlorite and ammonia to form monochloramine.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method of treating an aqueous system for biocide control, by adding an acidified solution that includes monoalkyldithiocarbamate salt and alkyl isothiocyanate to an aqueous system. A biocide feed system is also provided that is configured to generate a reproducible level of alkyl isothiocyanate. The method and system provide effective levels of alkyl isothiocyanate for rapid biocidal activity, along with levels of monoalkyldithiocarbamate salt which can decompose to form additional alkyl isothiocyanate and provide longer-term biocidal activity.
Abstract:
A method and composition is described for controlling the growth of fouling materials, such as scale, in aqueous systems using a tagged (fluorescent) polymer. The tagged polymer can be a fluorescent polymer which has at least one fluorescent monomelic unit derived from a fluorophore which has at least one terminal end comprising an olefinic group. The method of controlling the growth of at least one fouling material in an aqueous system can include the steps of adding the tagged polymer to the aqueous system to be treated, fluorometrically monitoring the concentration of the tagged polymer, and adjusting, as needed, the concentration of the tagged polymer and proportionally used water treatment compound or compounds effective to control the growth of at least one fouling material in the aqueous system. The adjustment of pH before determination of the fluorescence signal can be employed to increase sensitivity of the fluorophore and minimize background interference.
Abstract:
LA PRESENTE INVENCION SE REFIERE A UN PROCEDIMIENTO PARA INHIBIR LA ADHESION DE LAS BACTERIAS A UN SUSTRATO SUMERGIBLE. DICHO PROCEDIMIENTO CONSISTE EN PONER EN CONTACTO DICHA SUPERFICIE SUMERGIBLE CON UN POLIMERO IONENO Y UNA SAL DE DODECILAMINA, EN UNA CANTIDAD COMBINADA EFECTIVA PARA INHIBIR LA ADHESION BACTERIANA A LA SUPERFICIE SUMERGIBLE. LA PRESENTE INVENCION SE REFIERE ASIMISMO A UN PROCEDIMIENTO PARA CONTROLAR LA BIOINCRUSTACION DE UN SISTEMA ACUOSO. DICHO PROCEDIMIENTO ADICIONA UN POLIMERO IONENO Y UNA SAL DE DODECILAMINA, EN UNA CANTIDAD COMBINADA EFECTIVA PARA INHIBIR LA ADHESION DE LAS BACTERIAS A UNA SUPERFICIE SUMERGIDA EN EL SENO DEL SISTEMA ACUOSO CITADO. EL PROCEDIMIENTO CONTROLA DE FORMA EFECTIVA LA BIOINCRUSTACION, SIN MATAR PRACTICAMENTE A LOS ORGANISMOS BIOINCRUSTANTES. LA INVENCION SE REFIERE ASIMISMO A COMPOSICIONES QUE CONTIENEN UN POLIMERO IONENO Y UNA SAL DE DODECILAMINA, Y QUE SON UTILIZABLES EN LOS PROCEDIMIENTOS DESCRITOS. DICHAS COMPOSICIONES COMPRENDEN UN POLIMERO IONENO Y UNA SAL DE DODECILAMINA, EN UNA CANTIDAD COMBINADA EFECTIVA PARA INHIBIR LA ADHESION DE LAS BACTERIAS A SUPERFICIES SUMERGIDAS O SUMERGIBLES.