Abstract:
An article is provided. The article may include an electrochemical cell. The cell may include a molten electrolyte, and at least one molten electrode. The cell may include a structure for separating an anode from a cathode, while enabling ionic communication between the anode and cathode. An energy storage device comprising the article is also provided. Methods related to the article and the energy storage device may be provided. Separators having a cross-sectional profile normal to the axis of the cell in the shape of ellipse, triangle, rectangle, cross, star, circle, cloverleaf, square are disclosed. The separator can be domed ordimpled.The elctrodic materials can be spaced radially or axially relative to each other.
Abstract:
An energy storage device (100) is provided that includes a cathodic material in electrical communication with a separator. The cathodic material includes copper. The separator (104) has a first surface (106) that defines at least a portion of a first chamber (110), and a second surface (108) that defines a second chamber (112). The first chamber is in ionic communication with the second chamber through the separator. The separator has at least one of the following attributes: the separator is a composite of alumina and a rare earth oxide, or the separator is a composite of alumina and a transition metal oxide, or the separator comprises a plurality of grains, and the grains define grain boundaries that define interstitial spaces, and the interstitial spaces defined by the grain boundaries are free of sodium aluminate prior to an initial electrical charging of the energy storage device or are free of the cathodic material after the initial electrical charging of the energy storage device, or the separator comprises a continuous phase of an alkali-metal-ion conductor and a continuous phase of a ceramic oxygen-ion conductor.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein is an assembly for plasma generation comprising a cathode plate comprising a fixed cathode tip, the cathode tip being integral part of the cathode plate. The assembly further comprises at least one cascade plate, at least one separator plate disposed between the cathode plate and the cascade plate, an anode plate, and an inlet for a gas. The cathode plate, separator plate, cascade plate and anode plate are "electrically isolated" from one another, and the electrically isolated cathode plate, separator plate, and cascade plate define a plasma generation chamber. The cathode tip is disposed within the plasma generation chamber.
Abstract:
A metal-infiltrated polycrystalline diamond composite tool (60) comprising a plurality of diamond grains (22) forming a continuous polycrystalline diamond matrix (56), a metallic phase (62) being substantially palladium-free and contiguous to the continuous polycrystalline diamond matrix (56), wherein the metallic phase (62) interpenetrates the continuous polycrystalline diamond matrix (56) and substantially wets an outer surface of the continuous polycrystalline diamond matrix (56); and a working surface (68). The metallic phase (62) is formed from an infiltrant (44) and a wetting-enhancement layer (24) disposed on the outer surfaces of the diamond particles (22), with both the infiltrant (44) and wetting-enhancement layer (24) being substantially palladium-free and comprising at least one metal from the group consisting of cobalt, iron, and nickel. The invention also includes a preform (40) for a metal-infiltrated polycrystalline diamond composite tool (60), the preform (40) comprising a container (52), a metallic infiltrant source (54), and a plurality of coated diamonds (20), each coated with a wetting-enhancement layer (24) and, optionally, an activation layer (34), both of which are substantially palladium-free. Methods of forming the metal-infiltrated polycrystalline diamond composite tool (60), the preform (40), and the coated diamond particles (20, 30) used in the tool (60) are also disclosed.
Abstract:
A deposition process comprises determining a target process condition within a chamber of an expanding thermal plasma generator (102, 202) for plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of a coating on a substrate; the generator (102, 202) comprising a cathode (106, 206), replaceable cascade plate and generators (108, 208) with concentric orifice; and replacing the cascade plate with another plate having a configured orifice to effect the identified target process condition; and generating a plasma at the target process condition by providing a plasma gas to the plasma generator (102, 202) and ionizing the plasma gas in an arc between cathode (106, 206) and generators (108, 208) within the generator (102, 202) and expanding the gas as a plasma onto a substrate in a deposition chamber. A deposition apparatus (100) for generating a controllable plasma; comprises a deposition chamber; adapted to be maintained at subatmospheric pressure; an article support within the deposition chamber; an expanding thermal plasma generator (102, 202) comprising a cathode (106, 206), a single cascade plate and an generators (108, 208) and a communicating orifice through the cascade plate, the orifice having a length of lmm to less than 20mm.
Abstract:
An electro-optical device (100) having at least one base (110) and a multilayer coating surface disposed on at least one surface of the base (110). The at least one base (110) may comprise either an optically or electronically active portion (140) or a flexible polymeric material. The multilayer coating set (120) comprises at least one organic layer (124) and at least one inorganic layer (122). The base (110) and multilayer coating set (120) are transparent. The multilayer coating set 120 provides a barrier to moisture and oxygen and provides chemical resistance. The multilayer coating set (120) is also mechanically flexible and thermally stable up to a glass transition temperature of the base (110).
Abstract:
A reflective article (10) useful, for example, in automotive headlights includes a substrate (20), a reflective metal layer (30), and a haze-prevention layer (40) between the substrate and the reflective metal layer. The substrate (20) includes an amorphous thermoplastic resin having a heat distortion temperature of at least about 140 °C, density less than 1.7 grams per milliliter, and an organic volatiles content less than 1,000 parts per million measured according to ASTM D4526. The haze-prevention layer (40) includes a material having a volume resistivity of at least 1x10 ohm-centimeters and a tensile modulus of at least about 3x10 pounds per square inch. The article resists hazing of the reflective layer at elevated temperatures.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for depositing a coating on a substrate. A method of coating a substrate comprises evaporating a first reactant (12); introducing the evaporated reactant into a plasma; and depositing the first reactant on a surface of the substrate (20). This method is used to deposit an electrically conductive, ultraviolet filter coating at high rate on a glass or polycarbonate substrate (20). An apparatus (4) for depositing a UV filter coating on a polymeric substrate comprises a plasma generator (10) having an anode (19) and a cathode (13) to form a plasma, and a first inlet (12) for introducing a first reactant into the plasma, the first reactant comprising an evaporated material that is deposited on the substrate (20) by the plasma (50). Optionally, an injection nozzle (18) can be utilized to provide a controlled delivery of the first reactant into the plasma (50).
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To impart resistance to UV deterioriation and wear resistance (scratch resistance) by forming the oxide film modified with a flexible organosilicon by a combination of physical and chemical vapor deposition on a polycarbonate sheet coated with hard silicon. SOLUTION: A polycarbonate sheet 1 is traveled on the upper face of the movable pallet 2 on top of a vacuum chamber, and the silica vaporized by plasma-activated reaction is deposited through the window of the pallet 2. In this case, an electron-beam gun 5 is moved in the axial direction of a rotary drum 4 arranged below the pallet 2, the drum 4 surface is bombarded to vaporize the silica, and the vapor current is passed through the high-density plasma from a multiple hollow cathode plasma source 6. In this case, a uniform plasma density is imparted in the width direction of the sheet 1 by the plasma source 6, and the nitrogen monoxide, organosilicon and/or an oxygen reacting gas supplied from the reactive gas manifolds 7 and 8 are combined with the silica passing through the plasma.
Abstract:
An article is provided. The article may include an electrochemical cell. The cell may include a molten electrolyte, and at least one molten electrode. The cell may include a structure for separating an anode from a cathode, while enabling ionic communication between the anode and cathode. An energy storage device comprising the article is also provided. Methods related to the article and the energy storage device may be provided.