公开(公告)号：US3621213A

公开(公告)日：1971-11-16

申请号：US3621213D

申请日：1969-11-26

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： JEN DIAN P ,  SLOCUM RICHARD A ,  VALENTINO CARL R

IPC: C30B15/22 ,  G06F15/46 ,  G06F9/06

CPC classification number: C30B15/22 ,  Y10T117/1008 ,  Y10T117/1068 ,  Y10T117/1072

Abstract: A Czochralski crystal puller is automatically controlled by a specially programmed digital computer to produce constant diameter, high-quality semiconductor crystals. Provision is made in the programming of the computer for the solution of partly theoretical and partly empirical mathematical models for simultaneously controlling heater temperature, crystal lift rate, crucible lift rate, crystal rotation rate and crucible rotation rate. Computer solutions of the equations are made in real time and the computer is an online integral component of the overall crystal growth system. The mathematical models concerned with heater temperature control and crystal lift control include data extrapolation for the anticipatory control of crystal diameter to compensate for the low dynamic response of the Czochralski crystal puller to changes in the heater control signals.

公开(公告)号：FR2323184A1

公开(公告)日：1977-04-01

申请号：FR7623633

申请日：1976-07-27

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： LITZ FRANK A ,  MATHISEN EINAR S ,  SCHUMANN PAUL A JR ,  VALENTINO CARL R ,  NIELSEN THOMAS C ,  SIRICO ET JAMES L

IPC: B65G1/10 ,  G01N35/02 ,  G05B19/00

Abstract: The test sample container manipulation system transports and presents several contains at a test position. The system has several container supports and a magazine designed to hold sevral of the container supports. It has a first conveyor system which displaces the magazine along a first path. A second conveyor system displaces the container supports along a second path which crosses the first in a predetermined position. The second conveyor extends up to the test position the conveyors function being to position; in incremental steps the magazine in the test position. A transfer system transfers, at the test position, the container supports inside the magazine to the second conveyor.

公开(公告)号：FR2376413A1

公开(公告)日：1978-07-28

申请号：FR7735650

申请日：1977-11-18

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： HOFER DONALD C ,  KAHWATY VINCENT N ,  VALENTINO CARL R

IPC: G01N24/08 ,  G01R33/46 ,  G01N27/78

Abstract: A method is described for the quantitative analysis of a solution in which the solvent produces a nuclear magnetic resonant (NMR) spectral peak that dominates the system. A first spectrum containing the peak is made by operation of a nuclear magnetic resonant spectrometer at a first gain setting. The NMR apparatus is a pulse-modulated, Fourier-transform type spectrometer. A second spectrum is produced in which a 180 DEG pulse is applied to invert the spectral component magnetization followed after a period of time by a 90 DEG pulse. The period of time is sufficient to allow the solvent or component producing the unwanted peak to relax from the inverted state to a point where there is minimum magnetization along the longitudinal axis. At this point, in many solutions the other components have completely relaxed so that the 90 DEG pulse produces a free induction decay signal which, after undergoing the Fourier-transformation, yields a spectrum that does not include any significant peak due to the solvent. Thereafter, the quantitative analysis is performed by measuring the areas under the respective component peaks and simultaneously solving a series of equations in which the weight of the various components is proportional to the respective areas under the peaks and to the gain settings of the spectrometer.

公开(公告)号：CA1057529A

公开(公告)日：1979-07-03

申请号：CA260525

申请日：1976-09-03

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： LITZ FRANK A ,  MATHISEN EINAR S ,  SCHUMANN PAUL A JR ,  VALENTINO CARL R

IPC: G01N35/04 ,  B65G1/10 ,  G01N35/02 ,  B65B43/44

Abstract: AUTOMATIC TEST SAMPLE HANDLING SYSTEM An automatic handling system selectively conveys test samples to a test probe for analysis by an instrument. The test samples are contained in sample containers. A magazine contains sampler holders each of which contains sample containers. A transport system conveys the magazine so that the holders successively pass through an extraction station from where the holders can be taken from the magazine and placed back therein. The holders upon extraction are then conveyed past a test probe so that individual samples can be selectively presented to the probe.

公开(公告)号：CA1089014A

公开(公告)日：1980-11-04

申请号：CA292763

申请日：1977-12-09

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： HOFER DONALD C ,  KAHWATY VINCENT N ,  VALENTINO CARL R

IPC: G05F7/00 ,  G01R33/389 ,  G01R33/46 ,  G01R33/08

Abstract: NMR FIELD FREQUENCY LOCK SYSTEM An NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectrometer has a permanent magnet provided with a field coil. A lock system cyclically pulses a deuterium lock sample to produce a FID (free induction decay) signal that is analyzed by measuring the time interval during which the FID signal crosses the zero axis a predetermined number of times. The measured interval is compared to a predetermined interval or set point, and the current through the field coil is adjusted in the direction tending to correct the field strength so as to maintain the measured interval equal to the preset interval. Such measurement, comparison and adjustment are done several times each second. When the sample is removed, the lock system retains the last field setting achieved with the sample.

公开(公告)号：CA1064578A

公开(公告)日：1979-10-16

申请号：CA291864

申请日：1977-11-28

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： HOFER DONALD C ,  KAHWATY VINCENT N ,  VALENTINO CARL R

IPC: G01N24/08 ,  G01R33/46 ,  G01R33/08

Abstract: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRA HAVING SOLVENT PEAKS A method is described for the quantitative analysis of a solution in which the solvent produces a nuclear magnetic resonant (NMR) spectral peak that dominates the system. A first spectrum containing the peak is made by operation of a nuclear magnetic resonant spectrometer at a first gain setting. The NMR apparatus is a pulse-modulated, Fourier-transform type spectrometer. A second spectrum is produced in which a 180.degree. pulse is applied to invert the spectral component magnetization followed after a period of time by a 90.degree. pulse. The period of time is sufficient to allow the solvent or component producing the unwanted peak to relax from the inverted state to a point where there is minimum magnetization along the longitudinal axis. At this point, in many solutions the other components have completely relaxed so that the 90.degree. pulse produces a free induction decay signal which, after undergoing the Fourier-transformation, yields a spectrum that does not include any significant peak due to the solvent. Thereafter, the quantitative analysis is performed by measuring the areas under the respective component peaks and simultaneously solving a series of equations in which the weight of the various components is proportional to the respective areas under the peaks and to gain settings of the spectrometer.

公开(公告)号：FR2381308A1

公开(公告)日：1978-09-15

申请号：FR7801569

申请日：1978-01-16

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： HOFER DONALD C ,  KAHWATY VINCENT N ,  VALENTINO CARL R

IPC: G05F7/00 ,  G01R33/389 ,  G01R33/46 ,  G01N27/78

Abstract: An NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectrometer has a permanent magnet provided with a field coil. A lock system cyclically pulses a deuterium lock sample to produce a FID (free induction decay) signal that is analyzed by measuring the time interval during which the FID signal crosses the zero axis a predetermined number of times. The measured interval is compared to a predetermined interval or set point, and the current through the field coil is adjusted in the direction tending to correct the field strength so as to maintain the measured interval equal to the preset interval. Such measurement, comparison and adjustment are done several times each second. When the sample is removed, the lock system retains the last field setting achieved with the sample.