Abstract:
The inventive circuit arrangement for voltage adjustment comprises a longitudinal adjuster (1) provided with an adjustment amplifier (5) and a charging pump (6) located downstream therefrom. The circuit arrangement also comprises a reference voltage unit (4) which is used to produce a reference voltage (S1) for the adjustment amplifier (5) and a starter unit (3) which is used to produce a starter voltage (UOUT) in order to supply voltage to the adjustment amplifier (5), charging pump (6) and reference voltage unit (4) when the longitudinal adjuster (1) is started.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a demodulator for demodulating a voltage that is modulated by a modification of the amplitude between a low and a high level, especially for use in contact-less data transmission from a card write/read device to a chip card. The inventive demodulator is provided with a dynamic range circuit (2) that reduces the dynamic response of the input signal (1), a filter (3) disposed downstream of said dynamic range circuit (2) and adapted to filter a high-frequency carrier signal, a differentiator (4) disposed downstream of the filter (3) and adapted to amplify the sides of the output signal of the filter (3), and a comparator (5) disposed downstream of the differentiator and used to compare the output signal of the differentiator (4) with at least one predetermined threshold value (VHIGH, VLOW).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a voltage supply circuit comprising a first supply voltage input (IN1) that is connected to a first comparator (CMP1) and a first voltage regulator (REG1), the former (CMP1) controlling the latter (REG1). The circuit is also equipped with a second supply voltage input (IN2) that is connected to a second comparator (CMP2) and a second voltage regulator (REG2), the former (CMP2) controlling the latter (REG2). In addition, the circuit is provided with a supply voltage output (O) that is connected to the outputs of the two voltage regulators (REG1, REG2) and to the two comparators (CMP1, CMP2) in a feedback coupling.
Abstract:
A method for demodulating a voltage which has been ASK modulated by changing the amplitude between a low level and a high level, in particular for use during contactless data transmission from a card reader/writer to a smart card, is described. The method is distinguished, in that, in an initialization phase, a first mean value is produced from the high voltage level and a stored partial voltage derived therefrom in order to detect a change to a low voltage level. The change to the low voltage level represents a start value and is detected by a subsequent comparison of the modulated voltage with the first mean value. In a subsequent demodulation phase, a second mean value is produced from the detected low voltage level and the high voltage level in order to demodulate the modulated voltage by comparing the modulated voltage with the second mean value.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a demodulator for demodulating a voltage that is modulated by a modification of the amplitude between a low and a high level, especially for use in contact-less data transmission from a card write/read device to a chip card. The inventive demodulator is provided with a dynamic range circuit (2) that reduces the dynamic response of the input signal (1), a filter (3) disposed downstream of said dynamic range circuit (2) and adapted to filter a high-frequency carrier signal, a differentiator (4) disposed downstream of the filter (3) and adapted to amplify the sides of the output signal of the filter (3), and a comparator (5) disposed downstream of the differentiator and used to compare the output signal of the differentiator (4) with at least one predetermined threshold value (VHIGH, VLOW).
Abstract:
Differential amplifier arrangement with self-testing ability for monitoring a physical value comprises: a sensor circuit (M), a generator circuit (G) for producing a discrete test signal (VA) and a comparator circuit (C), which forms part of the differential amplifier, with inputs from the output of the sensor circuit, the generator circuit and for a reference signal (VR). The amplifier output signal has a first state when the test signal (Vi) is greater than the reference signal, a second state when it is less and one of the two if a test signal is also produced by the generator circuit.
Abstract:
A current-supply circuit includes a regulation transistor. The regulation transistor is formed to regulate, based on a first supply voltage present on a first supply-voltage feed line, a second supply voltage present on a second supply-voltage feed line. The regulation transistor provides a supply current to the second supply-voltage feed line. The voltage-supply circuit further includes an operating-point determiner, which is formed to determine, based on information that is a measure for the supply current, whether the regulation transistor is at a low operating point at which the supply current is below a determined current. The voltage-supply circuit further includes a preventer that is formed to prevent, starting from the low operating point, a rise of the supply current by at least a predetermined current amount from occurring within a predetermined period.