Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes, and to facilitate DNA sequencing techniques based on monitoring changes in hydrogen ion concentration (pH), or binding events associated with chemical processes relating to DNA synthesis.SOLUTION: ChemFET arrays are fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved FET pixel and increased measurement sensitivity and accuracy. A plurality of template nucleic acids are disposed into a plurality of reaction chambers (wherein the plurality of reaction chambers is incontact with a chemFET array), a new nucleic acid strand is synthesized by incorporating one or more known nucleotide triphosphates sequentially at the 3' end of the sequencing primer, and the incorporation of the one or more known nucleotide triphosphates is detected by a change in current at the at least one chemFET in the array.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes, and to facilitate DNA sequencing techniques based on monitoring changes in hydrogen ion concentration (pH).SOLUTION: ChemFET arrays are fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved FET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense arrays. A plurality of template nucleic acids are disposed into a plurality of reaction chambers (wherein the plurality of reaction chambers is incontact with a chemFET array), a new nucleic acid strand is synthesized by incorporating one or more known nucleotide triphosphates sequentially at the 3' end of the sequencing primer, and the incorporation of the one or more known nucleotide triphosphates is detected by a change in current at the at least one chemFET in the array.
Abstract:
A method of fabricating a microwell in an array structure is disclosed herein. The array structure includes a plurality of field effect transistors (FETs), where each FET has a gate structure. The method includes disposing a titanium nitride (TiN) layer on at least one conductive layer coupled to the gate structure of at least one FET. A insulation layer is disposed on the array structure, where the insulation layer lies above the TiN layer. Further, an opening above the gate structure of the at least one FET is etched to remove the insulation layer above the gate structure and to expose the TiN layer. A microwell with at least one sidewall formed from the insulation layer and with a bottom surface formed from the TiN layer is a result of the etching process. The gate structure is specified as a floating gate structure and the FET is an ISFET.
Abstract:
Methods, compositions, systems, apparatuses and kits comprising modified proteins, particularly modified nucleic acid-binding proteins with altered buffering properties are provided. For example, in some embodiments, methods of forming modified proteins including one or more amino acid modifications to achieve desired pKa values are described. Furthermore, the invention provides methods for using such modified proteins in ion-producing reactions, such as ion-based nucleic acid sequencing reactions.
Abstract:
A method of forming a particle includes, in a disperse phase within an aqueous suspension, polymerizing a plurality of mer units of a hydrophilic monomer having a hydrophobic protection group, thereby forming a polymeric particle including a plurality of the hydrophobic protection groups. The method further includes converting the polymeric particle to a hydrophilic particle.
Abstract:
Methods, compositions, systems, apparatuses and kits comprising modified proteins, particularly modified nucleic acid-binding proteins with altered buffering properties are provided. For example, in some embodiments, methods of forming modified proteins including one or more amino acid modifications to achieve desired pKa values are described. Furthermore, the invention provides methods for using such modified proteins in ion-producing reactions, such as ion-based nucleic acid sequencing reactions.
Abstract:
A chemical detection device and a method of its manufacture is described herein. The device includes a chemically-sensitive field effect transistor 214 including a floating gate conductor 218 having an upper surface 220. A dielectric material 210 defines a cavity 201 extending to the upper surface of the floating gate conductor. A conductive layer 250 is on a sidewall 260 of the cavity and electrically communicating with the floating gate conductor 220. An inner surface 251 of the conductive layer 250 defines a well 201 for the sensor.
Abstract:
A sensor apparatus (such a chemFET, ion-sensitive FET, Ion Torrent Proton), including a substrate, a semiconductor device disposed over the substrate, the semiconductor device having a surface electrode structure, and a saccharide coating formed over the surface electrode structure. The saccharide coating can be removed prior to use, e.g., in nucleic acid sequencing. The semiconductor device can include a well and optionally a bead conjugated to a nucleic acid disposed in the well.
Abstract:
Methods, compositions, systems, apparatuses and kits comprising modified proteins, particularly modified nucleic acid-binding proteins with altered buffering properties are provided. For example, in some embodiments, methods of forming modified proteins including one or more amino acid modifications to achieve desired pKa values are described. Furthermore, the invention provides methods for using such modified proteins in ion-producing reactions, such as ion-based nucleic acid sequencing reactions.
Abstract:
Methods, compositions, systems, apparatuses and kits comprising modified proteins, particularly modified nucleic acid-binding proteins with altered buffering properties are provided. For example, in some embodiments, methods of forming modified proteins including one or more amino acid modifications to achieve desired pKa values are described. Furthermore, the invention provides methods for using such modified proteins in ion-producing reactions, such as ion-based nucleic acid sequencing reactions.