Abstract:
An oscillator circuit (30, 40) for starting-up and operating at low voltages has been provided. The oscillator circuit includes an inverter circuit(31, 41) coupled across first and second terminals of a resonant circuit (14). The inverter circuit includes a push-pull driver stage having a P-channel transistor (18) and an N-channel transistor (20). The common drain electrodes of each are coupled to the second terminal of the resonant circuit. The source electrodes of the P- and N-channel transistors are respectively coupled to first and second supply voltage terminals. The gate electrode of the first transistor is coupled to the first terminal of resonant circuit. The inverter circuit further includes a circuit (32, 42) for shifting the voltage level applied to the gate electrode of the second transistor, relative to the voltage applied to the gate electrode of the first transistor, by a predetermined voltage. This has the effect of reducing the required operating voltage range of the inverter circuit while still maintaining both transistors active.
Abstract:
A microcontroller (50) chip (51) includes a charge pump with a switched-capacitor (83) that develops a plurality of discrete voltages. A switched-capacitor (83) charging circuit selectively charges a capacitor to produce successive charges individually retrievable from the capacitor. An LCD driver (173) selectively transmits the discrete operating voltage levels to activate the LCD (10) according to status of an external system under the control of the microcontroller (50). Voltage losses that may occur during the switched-capacitor (83) charging are compensated to maintain the levels of the discrete operating voltages free of decay. Compensation is achieved by overcharging the capacitor (83) by an amount substantially equivalent to the amount of voltage loss on the capacitor, using active feedback obtained from monitoring the charge on the capacitor.
Abstract:
A microcontroller (10) for use in battery charging and monitoring applications is disclosed. The microcontroller (10) includes a microprocessor (12) and various front-end analog circuitry including a slope A/D converter (30) and a multiplexer for allowing a plurality of analog input signals to be converted to corresponding digital counts indicative of signal level. The microcontroller (10) further includes an on-chip temperature sensor (54) used in conjunction with the A/D converter (30), to monitor the temperature of the microcontroller (10). The temperature sensor (54) generates and uses a differential voltage that is obtained across the base-emitter junctions of two compatible bipolar transistors having dissimilar emitter areas. This differential voltage is proportional to temperature and may be sampled by the A/D converter (30) to obtain a digital count indicative of the temperature of the microcontroller (10).
Abstract:
An RC oscillator circuit (10) within a microcontroller chip includes first and second comparators (16, 18) having their outputs respectively coupled to set and reset inputs of a flip-flop (20) whose output is coupled to a series RC network (22, 14) for controlling charging and discharging of a capacitor (14) of the RC network between precise high and low voltage levels (V2 and V1). One input of each comparator is coupled to the RC network, while the second input is coupled to a respective modified high and low threshold voltage level (Vh', V1'), so that the oscillator signal does not exceed the precise high and low voltage levels (V2, V1). The output frequency of the oscillator may be adjusted by selecting different values of the low voltage level (V1).
Abstract:
An accurate RC oscillator circuit (10) for generating a signal of a predetermined frequency that accurately oscillates between two precise voltage levels, i.e., a low threshold voltage (VL) and a high threshold voltage (VH) is disclosed. The oscillator circuit uses first and second comparators (16, 18) having their outputs respectively coupled to set and reset inputs of a flip flop (20). The output of the flip flop is coupled to a series RC network for controlling the charging and discharging of the voltage across a capacitor (14) of the RC network. The interconnection (12) of the series RC network is coupled to an input of both the first and second comparators. The other input of the first comparator is coupled to a circuit (24) for applying a modified version (V'H) of the high threshold voltage such that the signal generated by the oscillator circuit does not exceed the precise high threshold voltage (VH). Likewise, the other input of the second comparator is coupled to a circuit (25) for applying a modified version (V'L) of the low threshold voltage such that the signal generated by the oscillator circuit does not fall below the precise low threshold voltage (VL).
Abstract:
An oscillator circuit (30, 40) for starting-up and operating at low voltages has been provided. The oscillator circuit includes an inverter circuit (31, 41) coupled across first and second terminals of a resonant circuit (14). The inverter circuit includes a push-pull driver stage having a P-channel transistor (18) and an N-channel transistor (20). The common drain electrodes of each are coupled to the second terminal of the resonant circuit. The source electrodes of the P- and N-channel transistors are respectively coupled to first and second supply voltage terminals. The gate electrode of the first transistor is coupled to the first terminal of resonant circuit. The inverter circuit further includes a circuit (32, 42) for shifting the voltage level applied to the gate electrode of the second transistor, relative to the voltage applied to the gate electrode of the first transistor, by a predetermined voltage. This has the effect of reducing the required operating voltage range of the inverter circuit while still maintaining both transistors active.