Abstract:
Compositions, kits, methods and systems for nucleotide sequencing comprising producing polymerase reactions that exhibit two kinetically observable steps within an observable phase of the polymerase reaction. Two slow step systems can be produced, for example, by selecting the appropriate polymerase enzyme, polymerase reaction conditions including cofactors, and polymerase reaction substrates including the primed template and nucleotides.
Abstract:
Compositions, devices, systems and methods for reducing and/or preventing photo-induced damage of one or more reactants in an illuminated analytical reaction by addition of one or more photoprotective compounds to the reaction mixture and allowing the reaction to proceed for a period that is less than a photo-induced damage threshold period.
Abstract:
Compositions, kits, methods and systems for single molecule nucleotide sequencing comprising producing polymerase reactions having monovalent cations that control the median pulse width for incorporated nucleotides are disclosed. The levels of alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium in the polymerization are used to control pulse width while allowing other sequencing parameters to remain within a desirable range.
Abstract:
Protected fluorescent reagent compounds and their methods of synthesis are provided. The compounds are useful in various fluorescence-based analytical methods, including the analysis of highly multiplexed optical reactions in large numbers at high densities, such as single molecule real time nucleic acid sequencing reactions. The compounds contain fluorescent dye elements, that allow the compounds to be detected with high sensitivity at desirable wavelengths, binding elements, that allow the compounds to be recognized specifically by target biomolecules, and protective shield elements, that decrease undesirable contacts between the fluorescent dye elements and the bound target biomolecules and that therefore decrease photodamage of the bound target biomolecules by the fluorescent dye elements.