Abstract:
A two phase titanium aluminide alloy having a lamellar microstructure with little intercolony structures. The alloy can include fine particles such as boride particles at colony boundaries and/or grain boundary equiaxed structures. The alloy can include alloying additions such as ≤ 10 at % W, Nb and/or Mo. The alloy can be free of Cr, V, Mn, Cu and/or Ni and can include, in atomic %, 45 to 55 % Ti, 40 to 50 % Al, 1 to 5 % Nb, 0.3 to 2 % W, up to 1 % Mo and 0.1 to 0.3 % B. In weight %, the alloy can include 57 to 60 % Ti, 30 to 32 % Al, 4 to 9 % Nb, up to 2 % Mo, 2 to 8 % W and 0.02 to 0.08 % B.
Abstract:
The invention relates generally to aluminum containing iron-base alloys useful as electrical resistance heating elements. The aluminum containing iron-base alloys have an entirely ferritic microstructure and a room temperature electrical resistivity of 80 - 400 µΩ.cm. The alloy includes, in weight%, from 14-32% Al, up to 1% Cr and from 0.05 to 1.0% Zr, balance Fe. It can further also include up to 2% Mo, up to 2% Ti, up to 2% Si, up to 30% Ni, up to 0.5% Y, up to 0.1% B, up to1% Nb, up to 1% Ta, up to 3% Cu and up to 30% oxide dispersoid particles.
Abstract:
An intermetallic or iron aluminide magnetically readable medium and a method of forming and reading the same are provided herein. Also provided is an identification card or tag, a key, an anti- counterfeiting measure, an anti-forging measure. The intermetallic or iron aluminide magnetically readable medium includes a magnetically readable surface, wherein the magnetically readable surface contains one or more first magnetically readable regions of the intermetallic or iron aluminide surrounded by one or more second magnetically readable regions of lower magnetism. Additionally, the intermetallic or iron aluminide magnetically readable medium can be coated, encapsulated or concealed within a material. By forming deformation induced localized magnetism (DILM) regios within a paramagnetic intermetallic material like iron aluminide, DILM regions having a higher magnetic reading than the surrounding paramagnetic material regions are created.
Abstract:
A two phase titanium aluminide alloy having a lamellar microstructure with little intercolony structures. The alloy can include fine particles such as boride particles at colony boundaries and/or grain boundary equiaxed structures. The alloy can include alloying additions such as
Abstract:
A system (10) for detecting nitrates in a tobacco sample (12) having a light source (20), and a detection device (30). The light source (20) provides a beam of light incident to a tobacco sample (12), which is reflected from the tobacco sample (12) to the detection device (30). A computing device (40) computes the amount of nitrates within the tobacco sample (12) based on data received from the detection device (30) to correlate the amount of tobacco-specific nitrosamines within the tobacco sample (12).
Abstract:
A method and system for detecting tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). The method includes exposing at least one microcantilever beam (10) to a medium (50), which contains tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and measuring a deflection of the microcantilever beam (10), wherein the deflection indicates a presence of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in the medium (50). The at least one microcantilever beam (10) can include a silicon base layer (30) and a gold-coated receptor layer (20) with a plurality of thiol molecules having a sulfur head -and carboxyl-terminated group. The at least one microcantilever beam can also include a silicon base layer (30) and a metal or metal oxide coated receptor layer (20). Alternatively, the microcantilever beam (10) can be formed by co-absorbing tobacco-specific nitrosamines and silane molecules on a silicon microcantilever surface, wherein the template molecules of tobacco-specific nitrosamines physically co-adsorb between the silane molecules. The template molecules of tobacco-specific nitrosamines are then washed away with a solvent to form a silane monolayer having tobacco-specific nitrosamine cavities (Molecular imprinting polymerization=MIP).
Abstract:
In the present invention, there is disclosed an electrical heater for use in a smoking article having a source of electrical energy for heating tobacco flavor medium, the heater comprising: a) a substrate layer (300) of electrically conducting material; b) an electrically insulating layer (310) deposited on at least a portion of said substrate layer (300); and c) an electrically resistive heater element (122) deposited on said electrically insulating layer (310). A first end of said heater element (122) is electrically connected to said electrically conducting substrate (300), wherein a second end of said heater element (122) and a portion of said heater element (122) between the first and second ends of said heater element (122) are electrically insulated from said electrically conducting substrate layer (300) by said electrically insulating layer (310). Said substrate layer (300) and said second end of said heater element (122) are adapted to be electrically connected to the source (37) of electrical energy to heat said heating element (122). A process for producing the above-described electrical heater comprises the following steps: 1) providing an electrically conducting material; 2) forming (a) a plurality of blades from the electrically conducting material having gaps therebetween, and (b) a common end section, the blades extending from the common end section; 3) forming an electrical insulating layer (310) on at least one of the plurality of electrically conducting blades; 4) forming an electrically resistive heater on the formed electrical insulating layer (310) in such a manner that a first end of the heater is in electrical contact with the at least one electrically conducting blade; 5) forming an electrical contact on a second end of the formed heater; and 6) placing the plurality of blades and the common end section into a cylindrical receptacle to receive an inserted cigarette (23).
Abstract:
A method of making Cu, Zn, and/or Cu/Zn alloy nanoparticles subjects one or more targets to laser energy to form a vapor and condenses the vapor to form nanoparticles having an average particle size of less than 20 nm. The optional application of an electric field results in nanoparticles with aspect ratios greater than 1.0. The target(s) can be a single target or separate targets comprising a mixture of copper, zinc, and/or copper/zinc. When separate targets are used, the laser beam can be split to form two separate beams each of which is made incident upon one of the targets. The nanoparticles can be formed in a chamber having an inert atmosphere or a reactive atmosphere and a convection current is created in the chamber by maintaining the top plate at a lower temperature than the bottom plate.
Abstract:
A removable cigarette (224') is manufactured for use in a smoking system which includes a lighter which has electrical heating means disposed in permanent cavity for delivering a flavored tobacco response to a smoker. To manufacture the cigarette a carrier web (259') is provided which has regions (261) of tobacco flavor material. Adhesive regions (261A) are applied from an adhesive applying station (327) to the surface of the carrier web (259') to form spaced regions of adhesive (261A) in between spaced regions of flavor material (261). A filter station (329) attaches filters (333,335) to the adhesive regions (261A) and a wrapping station (337) wraps the web (259') around the filters (333,335) to form a continuous rod of alternating regions of filter and tobacco flavor material. Finally, individual removable cigarettes (224') are formed by severing the continuous rod at a severing station (339).
Abstract:
A removable cigarette (224') is manufactured for use in a smoking system which includes a lighter which has electrical heating means disposed in permanent cavity for delivering a flavored tobacco response to a smoker. To manufacture the cigarette a carrier web (259') is provided which has regions (261) of tobacco flavor material. Adhesive regions (261A) are applied from an adhesive applying station (327) to the surface of the carrier web (259') to form spaced regions of adhesive (261A) in between spaced regions of flavor material (261). A filter station (329) attaches filters (333,335) to the adhesive regions (261A) and a wrapping station (337) wraps the web (259') around the filters (333,335) to form a continuous rod of alternating regions of filter and tobacco flavor material. Finally, individual removable cigarettes (224') are formed by severing the continuous rod at a severing station (339).