Abstract:
PURPOSE: To provide a relatively easily realizable circuit capable of generating the reference voltage of the relatively low value of the order of several tens mV without heat drift. CONSTITUTION: A difference between the base-emitter joining voltages of two different transistors Q6 and Q7 and the preset fraction of the base-emitter joining voltage are totalized. The circuit for performing the function is provided with a first circuit capable of generating a first voltage V1 equal to the fraction of a base-emitter voltage, an operational amplifier capable of generating a total voltage in an output node and a means for controlling a bias current through an input transistor pair.
Abstract:
In a pressure sensor (35), a pressure-sensor element (10) has a monolithic body (12) of semiconductor material, and a first main face (12a) and a second main face (12b) acting on which is a stress resulting from a pressure (P) the value of which is to be determined; and a package (36) encloses the pressure-sensor element (10). The package (36) has an inner chamber (37) containing liquid material (38), and the pressure-sensor element (10) is arranged within the inner chamber (37) in such a manner that the first and second main faces (12a, 12b) are both in contact with the liquid material (38). In particular, the liquid material is a silicone gel.
Abstract:
A phase-locked loop circuit (100) is proposed for providing an output signal having a frequency depending on the frequency of a reference signal, the circuit including means (105-110) for deriving a feedback signal from the output signal, means (115-120) for providing a control signal indicative of a phase difference between the reference signal and the feedback signal, means (140-145) for controlling the frequency of the output signal according to the control signal, and means (125-135) for conditioning the control signal through at least one conditioning signal; in the circuit of the invention, the means for conditioning includes means (135) for accumulating an energy provided by the control signal and the at least one conditioning signal during a first phase and for transferring the accumulated energy to the means for controlling the frequency of the output signal during a second phase.
Abstract:
A switching device having a first and a second electronic switch connected in a half-bridge configuration and each having a control terminal for receiving a switching signal alternatively having a turn-on value and a turn-off value for taking the first and second electronic switches to an on state and to an off state, respectively; the switching device includes, for each switch, means for detecting the state of the switch and means for keeping the switching signal at the turn-off value for one of the electronic switches when the detected state of the other electronic switch is the on state.