Abstract:
A gravitational wave generating device comprising an energizing means such as magnetrons, which act upon energizable elements such as film bulk acoustic resonators or FBARs. A computer that controls the magnetrons' phase. A gravitational wave generation device that exhibits directivity and forms a gravitational-wave beam. The utilization of a medium in which the gravitational wave speed is reduced in order to effect refraction of the gravitational wave and be a gravitational wave lens. A gravitational wave generator device that can be directed in order to propel an object by its momentum or by changing the gravitational field nearby the object to urge it in a preferred direction and be a propulsion means.
Abstract:
A compact and vacuum compatible magnetic-coil driven tiltable stage that is equipped with a high efficiency reflective coating can be employed as a scanner in EUV applications. The drive electronics for the scanner is fully in situ programmable and rapidly switchable.
Abstract:
An x-ray source assembly includes an anode having a spot upon which electrons impinge based on power level supplied to the assembly, and an optic coupled to receive divergent x-rays generated at the spot and transmit output x-rays from the assembly. A control system is provided for maintaining intensity of the output x-rays dynamically during operation of the x-ray source assembly, notwithstanding a change in at least one operating condition of the x-ray source assembly, by changing the power level supplied to the assembly. The control system may include at least one actuator for effecting the change in the power level supplied to the assembly, by, e.g., controlling a power supply associated with the assembly. The control system may also change the temperature and/or the position of the anode to maintain the output intensity.
Abstract:
The metal film of the present invention is a dense film of a single crystal that has very low surface roughness and very good crystal orientation because an arithmetic mean roughness of the surface is not larger than 2 nm and a (111) peak intensity of X-ray diffraction is not less than 20 times the sum of all other peaks. Also the metal oxide film of the present invention is a dense film that includes less oxygen defects and almost no voids therein because a content of a non-oxidized metal is not higher than 1 mole % of a metal component that constitutes the metal oxide and a packing density is 0.98.or higher.
Abstract:
A method and device for producing visually sensed images of the internal structure of, particularly, a biological object. When used for diagnostic purposes in medicine the x-ray dosage of tissues surrounding the spot that is being examined is decreased.
Abstract:
A condenser system for generating a beam of radiation includes a source of radiation light that generates a continuous spectrum of radiation light; a condenser comprising one or more first optical elements for collecting radiation from the source of radiation light and for generating a beam of radiation; and a diffractive spectral filter for separating first radiation light having a particular wavelength from the continuous spectrum of radiation light. Cooling devices can be employed to remove heat generated. The condenser system can be used with a ringfield camera in projection lithography.
Abstract:
A doubly bent X-ray spectroscopic device (1) according to the present invention includes: a glass plate (3) which is deformed into a shape having a doubly bent surface by being sandwiched between a doubly curved convex surface (21a) of a convex forming die (21) and a doubly curved concave surface (22a), of a concave forming die (22), that matches the doubly curved convex surface (21a), and being heated to a temperature of 400° C. to 600° C.; and a reflection coating (5) configured to reflect X-rays, which is formed on a concave surface (3a) of the deformed glass plate (3 ).
Abstract:
A compound x-ray lens and method of fabricating these lenses are disclosed. These compound lenses use multiple zone plate stacking to achieve a pitch frequency increase for the resulting combined zone plate. The compound equivalent zone plate includes a first zone plate having an initial pitch frequency stacked onto a second zone plate to form an equivalent compound zone plate. The equivalent zone plate has a pitch frequency that is at least twice the initial pitch frequency. Also, in one example, the equivalent zone plate has a mark-to-space ratio of 1:1.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an arrangement for transporting radicals. An electron beam system is presented comprising a beamlet generator; a beamlet manipulator (204) comprising an array of apertures; a plasma generator comprising a chamber for forming a plasma, an inlet receiving input gas and outlets removing plasma or radicals created therein, the plasma generator further comprising outlets in flow connection with the plasma chamber outlets; and a hollow guiding body (309b) guiding radicals formed in the plasma towards the array of apertures for removing contaminant deposition. The hollow guiding body (309b) is removably connectable to an extended portion (307b) of the plasma generator outlet. A cover (400) can be placed over a connection between the hollow guiding body (309b) and the extended portion (307b). The extended portion (307b) of the plasma generator outlet and the hollow guiding body (309b) can be similarly formed as a slit.
Abstract:
An illumination optical unit includes a collector mirror which produces a polarization distribution that is applied to the first faceted optical element during the operation of the illumination optical unit. There are at least two first facet elements to which radiation having a differing polarization is applied. The first faceted optical element has at least one first state in which the normal vectors of the reflective surfaces of the first facet elements are selected so that a first predetermined polarization distribution results at the location of the object field during the operation of the illumination optical unit.