公开(公告)号：US06585882B1

公开(公告)日：2003-07-01

申请号：US09913264

申请日：2001-08-10

Applicant: Qingquan Su ,  Roberto Masahiro Serikawa ,  Masahiro Isaka ,  Tatsuya Nishimura ,  Yoko Kubota

Inventor： Qingquan Su ,  Roberto Masahiro Serikawa ,  Masahiro Isaka ,  Tatsuya Nishimura ,  Yoko Kubota

IPC: C02F1461

CPC classification number: C02F1/4672 ,  B01D53/32 ,  B01D53/77 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J10/00 ,  B01J19/18 ,  B01J19/26 ,  B01J2219/00054 ,  B01J2219/00058 ,  B01J2219/00063 ,  B01J2219/00069 ,  B01J2219/00087 ,  B01J2219/00099 ,  B01J2219/00103 ,  B01J2219/00132 ,  B01J2219/00135 ,  B01J2219/00155 ,  B01J2219/00157 ,  B01J2219/00159 ,  B01J2219/00162 ,  B01J2219/00164 ,  B01J2219/00182 ,  B01J2219/083 ,  B01J2219/0884 ,  B01J2219/185 ,  B01J2219/30207 ,  B01J2219/30223 ,  C02F1/02 ,  C02F1/025 ,  C02F1/461 ,  C02F1/46104 ,  C02F1/46114 ,  C02F1/467 ,  C02F1/74 ,  C02F2001/46133 ,  C02F2101/36 ,  C02F2103/18 ,  C02F2103/28 ,  C02F2201/4612 ,  C02F2201/46155 ,  C02F2301/066 ,  C02F2301/08

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a process and an apparatus for treating a gas containing reducing substances to efficiently degrade and remove the reducing substances. As a means to achieve this object, the present invention provides a process for treating a gas containing reducing substances by hydrothermal electrolysis, comprising supplying a gas containing reducing substances into a reactor charged with an aqueous medium containing a halide ion under application of a direct current at a temperature of 100° C. or more but the critical temperature of said aqueous medium or less and at a pressure that allows said aqueous medium to be kept in the liquid phase.

Abstract translation: 本发明的目的是提供一种用于处理含有还原物质的气体以有效降解还原物质的方法和装置。 作为实现该目的的手段，本发明提供了一种通过水热电解处理含有还原物质的气体的方法，包括在含有还原物质的气体的情况下，在装有含有卤​​化物离子的水性介质的反应器中， 在100℃或更高的温度下，所述水性介质的临界温度或更低的压力和允许所述水性介质保持在液相中的压力。

公开(公告)号：US06444180B1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-03

申请号：US09722029

申请日：2000-11-27

Applicant: Federico Zardi ,  Paolo Silva

Inventor： Federico Zardi ,  Paolo Silva

IPC: B01J1000

CPC classification number: C07C273/04 ,  B01D3/22 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J10/002 ,  B01J19/006 ,  B01J2219/00024 ,  B01J2219/00777 ,  B01J2219/185 ,  B01J2219/1943 ,  Y02P20/142 ,  Y02P20/582

Abstract: A reactor for two-phase reaction, in particular for urea synthesis at high pressure and temperature of the type wherein a co-current flow of a gaseous phase and a liquid phase takes place, comprises a substantially cylindrical vertical external shell (2) in which is supported a plurality of superimposed horizontal perforated plates (6a-6e) in mutually spaced relationship and at least one opening (12a-12e) for liquid flow being defined in correspondence of each of the perforated plates. Advantageously the openings (12a-12e) for liquid flow are mutually offset so as to obtain a substantially zigzag preferential flow path for the liquid phase in the reactor.

Abstract translation: 用于两相反应的反应器，特别是在其中发生气相和液相的并流流动的高压和高温下的尿素合成反应器包括基本上圆柱形的垂直外壳（2），其中 以相互间隔的关系支撑多个重叠的水平多孔板（6a-6e），并且用于液体流动的至少一个开口（12a-12e）对应于每个多孔板被限定。 有利地，用于液体流动的开口（12a-12e）相互偏移，以便获得用于反应器中的液相的基本上Z字形的优先流动路径。

公开(公告)号：US20020084559A1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-04

申请号：US09753320

申请日：2000-12-28

Inventor： David A. Hazlebeck

IPC: C21B007/04

CPC classification number: F28F19/02 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/02 ,  B01J2219/00085 ,  B01J2219/00094 ,  B01J2219/0204 ,  B01J2219/0218 ,  B01J2219/0236 ,  C22B7/00 ,  F23M2900/05001 ,  F23M2900/05004 ,  Y02P10/212

Abstract: A system and method for performing hydrothermal treatment includes reactor vessel formed with a pressure bearing wall surrounding a reactor chamber. A liner protects the wall from exposure to temperature extremes, corrosives and salt deposits. The liner is formed with three layers: a non-porous, corrosion resistant primary layer; a porous layer; and a non-porous, secondary layer. The porous layer is sealed between the primary layer and the secondary layer. The liner is positioned in the reactor chamber with the secondary layer facing the pressure bearing wall of the reactor chamber and the primary layer facing the reactor chamber. Connectors extend through the wall of the reactor vessel and the secondary layer to allow a fluid to be pumped through the porous layer to maintain the temperature of the liner. The connectors also allow for sampling of the fluid within the porous layer to detect leaks in the primary layer.

Abstract translation: 用于进行水热处理的系统和方法包括形成有围绕反应室的压力壁的反应堆容器。 衬管可以防止墙体暴露于极端温度，腐蚀性物质和盐沉积物中。 衬里形成三层：无孔，耐腐蚀的初级层; 多孔层; 和无孔的二级层。 多孔层被密封在主层和次层之间。 衬套定位在反应器室中，其中第二层面向反应器室的压力承受壁并且主层面向反应室。 连接器延伸穿过反应堆容器的壁和第二层，以允许流体被泵送通过多孔层以保持衬套的温度。 连接器还允许对多孔层内的流体进行采样以检测主层中的泄漏。

公开(公告)号：US06221330B1

公开(公告)日：2001-04-24

申请号：US08910495

申请日：1997-08-04

Applicant: David Moy ,  Asif Chishti

Inventor： David Moy ,  Asif Chishti

IPC: D01F912

CPC classification number: B82Y30/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J3/042 ,  B01J19/121 ,  B01J19/26 ,  B01J2219/0875 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  C01B32/162 ,  C01B2202/02 ,  D01F9/127 ,  D01F9/1278 ,  Y10S977/742 ,  Y10S977/75 ,  Y10S977/842 ,  Y10S977/843 ,  Y10S977/896

Abstract: A process for producing hollow, single-walled carbon nanotubes by catalytic decomposition of one or more gaseous carbon compounds by first forming a gas phase mixture carbon feed stock gas comprising one or more gaseous carbon compounds, each having one to six carbon atoms and only H, O, N, S or Cl as hetero atoms, optionally admixed with hydrogen, and a gas phase metal containing compound which is unstable under reaction conditions for said decomposition, and which forms a metal containing catalyst which acts as a decomposition catalyst under reaction conditions; and then conducting said decomposition reaction under decomposition reaction conditions, thereby producing said nanotubes.

Abstract translation: 一种通过一种或多种气态碳化合物的催化分解来制备中空单壁碳纳米管的方法，首先形成一种气相混合物碳原料气体，其包含一种或多种具有1-6个碳原子的气态碳化合物，并且仅H ，O，N，S或Cl作为杂原子，任选与氢混合，以及含有气相金属的化合物，在用于所述分解的反应条件下不稳定，并且在反应条件下形成用作分解催化剂的含金属催化剂 ; 然后在分解反应条件下进行所述分解反应，从而制备所述纳米管。

公开(公告)号：US06168771A

公开(公告)日：2001-01-02

申请号：US09024315

申请日：1998-02-17

Applicant: Norihide Saho ,  Hisashi Isogami ,  Minoru Morita ,  Yoshiki Shibano

Inventor： Norihide Saho ,  Hisashi Isogami ,  Minoru Morita ,  Yoshiki Shibano

IPC: B01J800

CPC classification number: A62D3/20 ,  A62D2101/02 ,  A62D2101/22 ,  A62D2101/24 ,  A62D2101/26 ,  A62D2101/28 ,  A62D2101/43 ,  A62D2101/45 ,  A62D2101/49 ,  A62D2203/10 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/0006 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: Substances to be processed and a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution are enclosed in a process vessel, and a the process vessel is enclosed in an autoclave together with water. Oxidation processing of the substances is performed by changing the state in the autoclave and the process vessel to a supercritical state which is realized by heating an outer wall of the autoclave with a heater. Further, even if the substances leak from the process vessel, by oxidizing the leaking substances in the autoclave the leaking of the substances to the outside of an oxidation processing apparatus is prevented.

Abstract translation: 待处理物质和过氧化氢水溶液被封闭在处理容器中，处理容器与水一起封闭在高压釜中。 通过将高压釜和处理容器的状态改变为通过用加热器加热高压釜的外壁实现的超临界状态来进行物质的氧化处理。 此外，即使这些物质从处理容器泄漏，通过氧化高压釜中的泄漏物质，也可以防止物质向氧化处理装置的外部泄漏。

公开(公告)号：US6074610A

公开(公告)日：2000-06-13

申请号：US73634

申请日：1998-05-06

Applicant: Wuu-Liang Huang ,  Glenn A. Otten

Inventor： Wuu-Liang Huang ,  Glenn A. Otten

IPC: B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B01L7/00 ,  B01L9/00 ,  C40B60/14 ,  G01N33/24 ,  G01N35/00

CPC classification number: B01J19/0006 ,  B01J19/0013 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01L7/00 ,  B01L9/00 ,  B01J2219/00011 ,  B01J2219/00051 ,  B01J2219/00058 ,  B01J2219/00099 ,  B01J2219/00135 ,  B01J2219/00155 ,  B01J2219/00162 ,  B01J2219/00186 ,  B01J2219/00308 ,  B01J2219/185 ,  B01J2219/1943 ,  C40B60/14 ,  G01N2035/00356 ,  G01N33/24

Abstract: A reactor for subjecting multiple reactant samples to controlled conditions with respect to pressure, temperature, and time. All individual samples in a single test run are exposed to the same temperature and pressure profiles but can be independently and selectively quenched at different times during the test run.

Abstract translation: 用于使多个反应物样品相对于压力，温度和时间受控的反应器。 单个试验运行中的所有单个样品都暴露于相同的温度和压力分布，但可以在试验运行期间的不同时间独立选择性淬火。

公开(公告)号：US6066263A

公开(公告)日：2000-05-23

申请号：US41499

申请日：1998-03-12

Applicant: Hisaaki Makino ,  Takehiko Moriya ,  Yoshihisa Saito ,  Masazumi Kanazawa

Inventor： Hisaaki Makino ,  Takehiko Moriya ,  Yoshihisa Saito ,  Masazumi Kanazawa

IPC: B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C10B53/00 ,  C10G1/10 ,  B01J3/00

CPC classification number: B01J19/243 ,  B01J3/04 ,  C10B53/00 ,  C10G1/10 ,  B01J2219/0002 ,  B01J2219/00083 ,  B01J2219/00094

Abstract: A safe and efficient hydrothermal reaction apparatus for converting waste plastic into oil is described herein. The apparatus comprises a receiver tank for containing therein a mixture of plastic and water; a high-pressure injection pump in communication with the receiver tank through a flow passage change-over valve, the flow passage change-over valve being in communication with a water injection passage; a reactor device including a curved piping in communication with the injection pump, the curved piping being provided with a heating means; and an effluent tank in communication with the reactor device through a pressure reducing valve. The flow rate of the mixture injected into the reaction device may be controlled by regulating the pressure reducing valve. Thermal decomposition of the mixture is performed in the reactor device under pressure and temperature conditions equal to, or above, a value by which a supercritical condition of water is achieved, and under the turbulent flow conditions generated partly by the curved piping.

Abstract translation: 本文描述了一种用于将废塑料转化为油的安全有效的水热反应装置。 该装置包括用于在其中容纳塑料和水的混合物的接收罐; 高压注射泵，其通过流路切换阀与所述接收罐连通，所述流路转换阀与注水通道连通; 包括与注射泵连通的弯曲管道的反应器装置，弯曲管道设置有加热装置; 以及通过减压阀与反应器装置连通的污水箱。 可以通过调节减压阀来控制注入到反应装置中的混合物的流量。 混合物的热分解在反应器装置中在压力和温度条件下等于或高于实现超临界状态的水和在部分由弯曲管道产生的湍流条件下的值。

公开(公告)号：US6030587A

公开(公告)日：2000-02-29

申请号：US076602

申请日：1998-05-11

Applicant: Brent Lowell Haroldsen ,  Benjamin Chiau-pin Wu

Inventor： Brent Lowell Haroldsen ,  Benjamin Chiau-pin Wu

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/00 ,  C02F1/72 ,  C02F11/08 ,  G21C9/00

CPC classification number: C02F11/086 ,  B01J19/006 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J3/04 ,  A62D2203/10 ,  B01J2219/00094 ,  B01J2219/00135 ,  B01J2219/00768 ,  C02F1/722 ,  C02F2101/003 ,  Y02P20/544

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved apparatus and method for initiating and sustaining an oxidation reaction. A hazardous waste, is introduced into a reaction zone within a pressurized containment vessel. An oxidizer, preferably hydrogen peroxide, is mixed with a carrier fluid, preferably water, and the mixture is heated until the fluid achieves supercritical conditions of temperature and pressure. The heating means comprise cartridge heaters placed in closed-end tubes extending into the center region of the pressure vessel along the reactor longitudinal axis. A cooling jacket surrounds the pressure vessel to remove excess heat at the walls.Heating and cooling the fluid mixture in this manner creates a limited reaction zone near the center of the pressure vessel by establishing a steady state density gradient in the fluid mixture which gradually forces the fluid to circulate internally. This circulation allows the fluid mixture to oscillate between supercritical and subcritical states as it is heated and cooled.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于启动和维持氧化反应的改进的装置和方法。 将有害废物引入加压容器内的反应区。 将氧化剂，优选过氧化氢与载体流体，优选水混合，并加热混合物，直到流体达到温度和压力的超临界条件。 加热装置包括放置在沿着反应器纵向轴线延伸到压力容器的中心区域的封闭端管中的筒式加热器。 冷却套围绕压力容器以去除壁上的多余热量。 以这种方式加热和冷却流体混合物通过在流体混合物中建立稳态密度梯度而在压力容器的中心附近产生有限的反应区，其逐渐迫使流体在内部循环。 该循环允许流体混合物在被加热和冷却时在超临界和亚临界状态之间振荡。

公开(公告)号：US6010669A

公开(公告)日：2000-01-04

申请号：US793928

申请日：1997-03-21

Applicant: Cesare Miola ,  Franco Granelli

Inventor： Cesare Miola ,  Franco Granelli

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B01J19/02 ,  B23K31/02 ,  B23P6/00 ,  C07C273/04

CPC classification number: C07C273/04 ,  B01J19/0073 ,  B01J19/02 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J3/048 ,  B23P6/00 ,  B01J2219/00256 ,  B01J2219/0236 ,  B01J2219/185 ,  B01J2219/1943 ,  B23K2201/12 ,  Y02P20/142 ,  Y02P20/149 ,  Y02P20/582

Abstract: A method for repairing and restoring the functionality of equipment subjected to internal corrosion during its operation at high or medium pressure in a plant for the synthesis of urea. The method includes the cleaning of the corroded area, the formation of suitable supporting and/or holding surfaces for the placement of a new metallic lining, the formation of a new anticorrosive sealed off lining, obtained by positioning and welding flat elements and metallic plates which are suitably shaped and placed next to each other to become adapted to the internal profile of the equipment. The spaces and interstices below this new lining all communicate with at least one weep-hole present in the pressure resistant body. The entire repair is carried out through the manhole of the equipment and enables the restoring of its functionality for times similar to the normal duration of corresponding newly constructed equipment.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / EP95 / 03539 Sec。 371日期1997年3月21日 102（e）1997年3月21日PCT PCT 1995年9月8日PCT公布。 出版物WO96 / 09136 日期1996年3月28日在用于合成尿素的设备中在高压或中压操作期间内部腐蚀的设备的功能性的修复和恢复方法。 该方法包括清洁被腐蚀区域，形成用于放置新的金属衬里的合适的支撑和/或保持表面，形成通过定位和焊接扁平元件和金属板获得的新的防腐密封衬 适当地成形并且彼此相邻放置以适应于设备的内部轮廓。 这个新衬里下面的空间和间隙都与耐压体中存在的至少一个排水孔相通。 整个修理通过设备的人孔进行，并使其功能恢复类似于相应的新建设备的正常持续时间。

公开(公告)号：US5996385A

公开(公告)日：1999-12-07

申请号：US858958

申请日：1997-05-20

Applicant: Laszlo J. Kecskes

Inventor： Laszlo J. Kecskes

IPC: B01J3/04 ,  B01J3/08 ,  B22F3/08 ,  B22F3/087 ,  B22F3/23 ,  B21D26/02

CPC classification number: B22F3/08 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J3/08 ,  B22F3/087 ,  B22F3/23 ,  Y10S29/031

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fabricating high density monolithic metal and oy billets. The process requires preheating precursor materials of metal or alloy billets by means of a combustion synthesis called Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS). The reaction takes place in an insulated reaction vessel where the precursors, in a powder form, are heated to high temperatures. The precursors are then compacted to high density by means of pressure waves generated by detonation of an explosive. The method is capable of producing high purity tungsten and tungsten-based alloys of greater than 90% theoretical density.

Abstract translation: 一种用于制造高密度单片金属和合金坯料的方法和装置。 该方法需要通过称为自传播高温合成（SHS）的燃烧合成来预热金属或合金坯料的前体材料。 反应发生在绝缘反应容器中，其中粉末形式的前体被加热到高温。 然后通过爆炸物爆炸产生的压力波将前体压实成高密度。 该方法能够产生理论密度大于90％的高纯度钨和钨基合金。