公开(公告)号：US20140366870A1

公开(公告)日：2014-12-18

申请号：US14106142

申请日：2013-12-13

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Theodora RETSINA ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN

IPC: C13K13/00 ,  C13K1/02

CPC classification number: C13K13/002 ,  C08B37/0057 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  D21C3/06 ,  D21C3/20 ,  D21C11/0007 ,  D21C11/0014 ,  Y02P40/44

Abstract: In some variations, the invention provides a process for fractionating biomass, comprising: in a digestor, fractionating a biomass feedstock in the presence of a solvent for lignin, sulfur dioxide, and water, to produce a liquor containing hemicellulose, cellulose-rich solids, and lignin; substantially removing the cellulose-rich solids from the liquor; hydrolyzing the hemicellulose contained in the liquor, to produce hemicellulosic monomers; hydrolyzing the cellulose-rich solids to produce glucose; neutralizing, with lime, a hydrolysate liquid containing the hemicellulosic monomers and the glucose, thereby generating gypsum; heating the gypsum to form calcium sulfate; reducing the calcium sulfate with a reductant (such as syngas) to generate calcium oxide and sulfur dioxide; and recycling the calcium oxide and the sulfur dioxide. In other variations, magnesium oxide is the base from neutralizing the hydrolysate, and the resulting magnesium sulfate is converted back to magnesium oxide and sulfur dioxide through combustion.

Abstract translation: 在一些变型中，本发明提供了一种用于分馏生物质的方法，其包括：在消化器中，在木素，二氧化硫和水的溶剂存在下分离生物质原料，以产生含有半纤维素，富含纤维素的固体， 和木质素; 从液体中大量除去富含纤维素的固体; 水解液体中所含的半纤维素，以产生半纤维素单体; 水解富含纤维素的固体产生葡萄糖; 用石灰中和含有半纤维素单体和葡萄糖的水解液，从而产生石膏; 加热石膏形成硫酸钙; 用还原剂（如合成气）还原硫酸钙以产生氧化钙和二氧化硫; 并回收氧化钙和二氧化硫。 在其它变体中，氧化镁是中和水解产物的碱，通过燃烧将得到的硫酸镁转化成氧化镁和二氧化硫。

公开(公告)号：US20140154756A1

公开(公告)日：2014-06-05

申请号：US14092906

申请日：2013-11-27

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Kimberly NELSON ,  Theodora RETSINA ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN ,  Ryan O'CONNOR

IPC: D21C5/00

CPC classification number: C08B15/08 ,  C07G1/00 ,  C08B15/00 ,  C08B15/02 ,  C08B37/0057 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C08L1/02 ,  C12P7/04 ,  C12P7/10 ,  C12P7/14 ,  C12P7/16 ,  C12P7/28 ,  C12P7/46 ,  C12P7/56 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  C12P2203/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  D21C3/04 ,  D21C3/06 ,  D21C3/20 ,  D21C5/00 ,  D21C5/005 ,  D21C9/002 ,  D21C9/007 ,  D21C9/10 ,  D21C11/0007 ,  D21H11/18 ,  Y02E50/16 ,  Y02P40/44

Abstract: Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity nanocellulose with surprisingly low mechanical energy input. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form nanofibrils and/or nanocrystals. The total mechanical energy may be less than 500 kilowatt-hours per ton. The crystallinity of the nanocellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. The nanocellulose material may include nanofibrillated cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, or both. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose material is hydrophobic via deposition of some lignin onto the cellulose surface. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the nanocellulose to form completely renewable composites.

公开(公告)号：US20130309728A1

公开(公告)日：2013-11-21

申请号：US13950289

申请日：2013-07-25

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Theodora RETSINA ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN

IPC: C12P19/14 ,  F23G5/04 ,  C13K13/00

CPC classification number: C12P19/02 ,  C08B37/0003 ,  C08B37/0057 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C13K1/02 ,  C13K13/00 ,  F23G5/04

Abstract: A method for the production of alcohol and other bioproducts hemicelluloses extracted from biomass prior to thermal conversion of the biomass to energy. The process can be integrated with the host plant process to minimize the energy loss from extracting hemicelluloses. Also disclosed is a Stepwise enzymatic break down of cellulose fibers from a pulping operation which is performed with the redeployment of equipment and vessels contained within typical existing pulp and paper manufacturing mills. The preferred feedstock is highly delignified pulp from acid or alkaline pulping process or from bleaching stage.

Abstract translation: 在将生物质热转化为能量之前，从生物质中提取的乙醇和其他生物产物半纤维素的生产方法。 该过程可以与宿主植物过程相结合，以最小化提取半纤维素的能量损失。 还公开了从制浆操作中逐步酶分解纤维素纤维，其通过重新部署典型的现有纸浆和造纸厂中所含的设备和容器进行。 优选的原料是来自酸或碱性制浆过程或漂白阶段的高脱木素纸浆。

公开(公告)号：US20190248987A1

公开(公告)日：2019-08-15

申请号：US16273267

申请日：2019-02-12

Applicant: Russell MOOLMAN ,  API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Russell MOOLMAN ,  Theodora RETSINA

IPC: C08L1/02 ,  C08J5/04 ,  C04B18/24 ,  C04B20/00 ,  C04B24/38

CPC classification number: C08L1/02 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  C04B18/248 ,  C04B20/008 ,  C04B24/383 ,  C08J5/045

Abstract: Disclosed is a new composite material comprising nanocellulose and hemp or a hemp-derived component, such as pure hemp, hemp bast fibers, hemp inner fibers, hemp shives, hemp leaves, hemp seeds, or ground hemp. The nanocellulose may be hydrophobic or hydrophilic, and may include cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, cellulose microfibrils, or a combination thereof. This invention provides construction blocks or panels; engineered parts; fire-resistant objects; coatings; containers; textile compositions; and fabric materials, for example. The composite material may also include one or more additives to modify mechanical, thermal, chemical, and/or electrical properties. The addition of nanocellulose can improve the mechanical properties of hemp-containing concrete mixtures to improve compressive strength for construction purposes.

公开(公告)号：US20180273695A1

公开(公告)日：2018-09-27

申请号：US15924539

申请日：2018-03-19

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Vesa PYLKKANEN ,  Theodora RETSINA

IPC: C08H8/00 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12N9/42 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C08H7/00

CPC classification number: C08H8/00 ,  C08H6/00 ,  C12N9/2437 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C12Y302/01004

Abstract: This disclosure provides lignin-based enzymatic hydrolysis enhancer that includes ethanol-soluble, partially sulfonated lignin. Some embodiments provide a lignin-based enzymatic hydrolysis enhancer comprising AVAP® lignin. Certain embodiments provide a lignin-based enzymatic hydrolysis enhancer comprising AVAP® lignin and lignosulfonates. In some variations, a process for producing a lignin-based enzymatic hydrolysis enhancer comprises fractionating biomass with an acid, a solvent for lignin, and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; recovering the lignin; and generating a lignin-based enzymatic hydrolysis enhancer comprising the lignin. Surprisingly, the lignin-based enzymatic hydrolysis enhancer is experimentally able to enhance glucose yields by 10% or more.

公开(公告)号：US20170240792A1

公开(公告)日：2017-08-24

申请号：US15450059

申请日：2017-03-06

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Jean-Pierre MONCLIN ,  Kimberly NELSON ,  Theodora RETSINA

IPC: C09K8/32 ,  C09K8/10 ,  C09K8/90 ,  C09K8/64 ,  C09K8/88 ,  C09K8/035 ,  C09K8/68

CPC classification number: C09K8/32 ,  C09K8/035 ,  C09K8/10 ,  C09K8/64 ,  C09K8/68 ,  C09K8/685 ,  C09K8/80 ,  C09K8/82 ,  C09K8/88 ,  C09K8/887 ,  C09K8/90 ,  C09K2208/08 ,  C09K2208/10

Abstract: This disclosure provides drilling fluids and additives as well as fracturing fluids and additives that contain cellulose nanofibers and/or cellulose nanocrystals. In some embodiments, hydrophobic nanocellulose is provided which can be incorporated into oil-based fluids and additives. These water-based or oil-based fluids and additives may further include lignosulfonates and other biomass-derived components. Also, these water-based or oil-based fluids and additives may further include enzymes. The drilling and fracturing fluids and additives described herein may be produced using the AVAP® process technology to produce a nanocellulose precursor, followed by low-energy refining to produce nanocellulose for incorporation into a variety of drilling and fracturing fluids and additives.

公开(公告)号：US20170204440A1

公开(公告)日：2017-07-20

申请号：US15276834

申请日：2016-09-27

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Theodora RETSINA ,  Ryan ZEBROSKI

IPC: C12P19/02

CPC classification number: C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C12P2203/00

Abstract: A method of enzymatically hydrolyzing pretreated lignocellulosic biomass at high solids concentration includes introducing pretreated biomass to a hydrolysis reactor, to hydrolyze the cellulose to glucose monomer and glucose oligomers, and circulating a liquid stream, from which glucose is removed to reduce glucose inhibition of cellulose hydrolysis. A surfactant may be added to the hydrolysis reactor. Heat and/or acid treatment of the glucose oligomers may be used to generate additional glucose monomer. Some variations introduce pretreated biomass to a hydrolysis reactor to hydrolyze cellulose to glucose monomer and glucose oligomers, followed by conveying a portion of the solid phase to a mechanical refiner and/or a unit under reduced pressure, to generate a refined and/or exploded solid phase; and recycling the refined and/or exploded solid phase, optionally reheated, back to an input of the hydrolysis reactor.

公开(公告)号：US20170002387A1

公开(公告)日：2017-01-05

申请号：US15202943

申请日：2016-07-06

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Theodora RETSINA ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN

IPC: C12P13/08 ,  C12P7/64 ,  C12P7/52 ,  C12P7/26 ,  C12P7/04

CPC classification number: C12P13/08 ,  C08B37/0057 ,  C08H6/00 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C12P7/04 ,  C12P7/10 ,  C12P7/26 ,  C12P7/28 ,  C12P7/40 ,  C12P7/52 ,  C12P7/6409 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  C12P2203/00 ,  Y02E50/16

Abstract: A process for producing an organic aliphatic product (such as butanol) from lignocellulosic biomass is provided, comprising: (a) fractionating lignocellulosic biomass in the presence of a solvent for lignin, a hydrolysis catalyst, and water, to produce a liquor containing hemicellulose, cellulose-rich solids, and lignin; (b) washing the cellulose-rich solids and separating the cellulose-rich solids from the liquor; (c) enzymatically hydrolyzing the cellulose-rich solids to generate a hydrolysate comprising glucose; (d) detoxifying the hydrolysate by neutralizing the hydrolysate, removing insoluble solids, and removing or oxidizing residual hydrolysis catalyst, thereby generating a purified hydrolysate; (e) fermenting the purified hydrolysate using a suitable microorganism to produce a dilute organic aliphatic product, wherein the microorganism is recycled with a membrane; (f) extracting the dilute organic aliphatic product into a water-immiscible extractant, to generate an intermediate material; and (g) distilling the intermediate material to generate a concentrated organic aliphatic product.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种从木质纤维素生物质生产有机脂肪族产物（如丁醇）的方法，包括：（a）在木质素溶剂，水解催化剂和水的存在下，分解木质纤维素生物质，生产含有半纤维素的液体， 富含纤维素的固体和木质素; （b）洗涤富含纤维素的固体并从所述液体中分离富含纤维素的固体; （c）酶促水解富含纤维素的固体以产生包含葡萄糖的水解产物; （d）通过中和水解产物去除水解产物，除去不溶性固体，除去或氧化残留的水解催化剂，从而产生纯化的水解产物; （e）使用合适的微生物发酵纯化的水解产物以产生稀释的有机脂族产物，其中微生物用膜再循环; （f）将稀有机脂肪族产物萃取到与水不混溶的萃取剂中，生成中间体材料; 和（g）蒸馏中间体材料以产生浓缩的有机脂族产物。

公开(公告)号：US20160289707A1

公开(公告)日：2016-10-06

申请号：US15090638

申请日：2016-04-05

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Maria Carolina de Barros GRASSI ,  Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães PEREIRA ,  Theodora RETSINA

IPC: C12P7/28 ,  C12P7/10 ,  C12P7/16

CPC classification number: C12P7/28 ,  C12P7/065 ,  C12P7/10 ,  C12P7/16 ,  C12P2203/00 ,  Y02E50/10 ,  Y02E50/16 ,  Y02E50/17

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and a culture medium for biofuel and biochemical production by fermentation of lignocellulose biomass. The process describes the use of a solid-liquid mixed blend formed by solid fiber pulp, hydrolysate, and a polypeptide complex. The solid fiber pulp is partially degraded by the polypeptide complex allowing microbe immobilization and, at the same time, releasing substances that affect Clostridium quorum sensing pathways. The present process and culture medium allow the improvement of biofuels and biochemical production, as butanol and acetone in an industrial scale.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及通过木质纤维素生物质发酵生物燃料和生物化学生产的方法和培养基。 该方法描述了由固体纤维纸浆，水解产物和多肽复合物形成的固液混合共混物的用途。 固体纤维纸浆被多肽复合物部分降解，允许微生物固定，同时释放影响梭菌感染途径的物质。 本工艺和培养基允许改进生物燃料和生化生产，如工业规模的丁醇和丙酮。

公开(公告)号：US20160002689A1

公开(公告)日：2016-01-07

申请号：US14853431

申请日：2015-09-14

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Theodora RETSINA ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN

IPC: C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14

CPC classification number: C12P19/02 ,  C08B37/0003 ,  C08B37/0057 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C13K1/02 ,  C13K13/00 ,  F23G5/04

Abstract: A method for the production of alcohol and other bioproducts hemicelluloses extracted from biomass prior to thermal conversion of the biomass to energy. The process can be integrated with the host plant process to minimize the energy loss from extracting hemicelluloses. Also disclosed is a Stepwise enzymatic break down of cellulose fibers from a pulping operation which is performed with the redeployment of equipment and vessels contained within typical existing pulp and paper manufacturing mills. The preferred feedstock is highly delignified pulp from acid or alkaline pulping process or from bleaching stage.

Abstract translation: 在将生物质热转化为能量之前，从生物质中提取的乙醇和其他生物产物半纤维素的生产方法。 该过程可以与宿主植物过程相结合，以最小化提取半纤维素的能量损失。 还公开了从制浆操作中逐步酶分解纤维素纤维，其通过重新部署典型的现有纸浆和造纸厂中所含的设备和容器进行。 优选的原料是来自酸或碱性制浆过程或漂白阶段的高脱木素纸浆。