公开(公告)号：US20210277151A1

公开(公告)日：2021-09-09

申请号：US17209388

申请日：2021-03-23

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Kimberly NELSON ,  Theodora RETSINA

IPC: C08B15/08 ,  D21C1/02 ,  D21C5/00 ,  D21C9/00 ,  D21C11/00 ,  D21H11/18 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C12P7/10 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C07G1/00 ,  C08B37/00 ,  C09K8/10 ,  C09K8/34 ,  C09K8/64 ,  C09K8/68 ,  C13K1/02 ,  D21B1/06 ,  D21C3/00 ,  D21C3/06 ,  D21C9/10

Abstract: Various processes are disclosed for producing nanocellulose materials following steam extraction or hot-water digestion of biomass. Processes are also disclosed for producing nanocellulose materials from a wide variety of starting pulps or pretreated biomass feedstocks. The nanocellulose materials may be used as rheology modifiers in many applications. Water-based and oil-based drilling fluid formulations and additives are provided. Also, water-based and oil-based hydraulic fracturing fluid formulations and additives are provided. In other embodiments, polymer-nanocellulose composites are provided.

公开(公告)号：US20190292277A1

公开(公告)日：2019-09-26

申请号：US16285362

申请日：2019-02-26

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Theodora RETSINA ,  Kimberly NELSON

IPC: C08B15/02 ,  C08L1/02 ,  C08B15/08 ,  C08B15/04 ,  C08B15/00 ,  C08K9/00 ,  C08J7/12 ,  C09D101/04

Abstract: A composition comprising nanocellulose is disclosed, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. The nanocellulose may be in the form of cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, or both. The nanocellulose is characterized by a crystallinity of at least 80%, an onset of thermal decomposition of 300° F. or higher, and a low light transmittance over the range 400-700 nm. Other variations provide a composition comprising lignin-coated hydrophobic nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. Some variations provide a composition comprising nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains about 0.1 wt % equivalent sulfur content, or less, as SO4 groups chemically or physically bound to the nanocellulose. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose contains essentially no hydrogen atoms (apart from hydrogen structurally contained in nanocellulose itself) bound to the nanocellulose. Various compositions, materials, and products may incorporate the nanocellulose compositions disclosed herein.

公开(公告)号：US20180016355A1

公开(公告)日：2018-01-18

申请号：US15644878

申请日：2017-07-10

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Kimberly NELSON ,  Theodora RETSINA ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN ,  Ryan O'CONNOR

IPC: C08B15/08 ,  D21C9/00 ,  D21C5/00 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C08B15/02 ,  D21C3/04 ,  C12P7/10 ,  D21H11/18 ,  D21C3/20

CPC classification number: C08B15/08 ,  C08B15/02 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C08L1/02 ,  C12P7/10 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  C12P2203/00 ,  D21C3/04 ,  D21C3/20 ,  D21C5/005 ,  D21C9/007 ,  D21H11/18 ,  Y02E50/16 ,  Y02E50/343 ,  Y02P20/542

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a nanocellulose material, comprising: fractionating a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock in the presence of a solvent for lignin and water, but no acid catalyst, to generate cellulose-rich solids; and then mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form a nanocellulose material comprising cellulose nanofibrils and/or cellulose nanocrystals. Many organic or inorganic solvents are possible. In some embodiments, the solvent for lignin is an oxygenated organic compound, such as a C1-C18 alcohol, e.g. ethanol, ethylene glycol, propanol, propanediol, glycerol, butanol, or butanediol. The solvent for lignin may be an aromatic alcohol, such as phenol, cresol, or benzyl alcohol. The solvent for lignin may be a ketone, an aldehyde, or an ether, such as methyl ethyl ketone or diethyl ether. The solvent for lignin may be a non-oxygenated alkane, olefin, or aromatic hydrocarbon. In some embodiments, the solvent for lignin is an ionic liquid.

公开(公告)号：US20170190800A1

公开(公告)日：2017-07-06

申请号：US15353306

申请日：2016-11-16

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Theodora RETSINA ,  Kimberly NELSON

IPC: C08B15/02 ,  C09D101/04

CPC classification number: C08B15/02 ,  C08B15/00 ,  C08B15/04 ,  C08B15/08 ,  C08J7/12 ,  C08K9/00 ,  C08L1/02 ,  C09D101/04

Abstract: A composition comprising nanocellulose is disclosed, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. The nanocellulose may be in the form of cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, or both. The nanocellulose is characterized by a crystallinity of at least 80%, an onset of thermal decomposition of 300° F. or higher, and a low light transmittance over the range 400-700 nm. Other variations provide a composition comprising lignin-coated hydrophobic nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. Some variations provide a composition comprising nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains about 0.1 wt % equivalent sulfur content, or less, as SO4 groups chemically or physically bound to the nanocellulose. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose contains essentially no hydrogen atoms (apart from hydrogen structurally contained in nanocellulose itself) bound to the nanocellulose. Various compositions, materials, and products may incorporate the nanocellulose compositions disclosed herein.

公开(公告)号：US20160244788A1

公开(公告)日：2016-08-25

申请号：US15047608

申请日：2016-02-18

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Theodora RETSINA ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN ,  Steven R. RUTHERFORD ,  Jean-Pierre MONCLIN

IPC: C12P7/14 ,  D21C9/00 ,  D21C1/02

CPC classification number: C12P7/14 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  C12P2203/00 ,  D21C1/02 ,  D21C3/00 ,  D21C9/00 ,  Y02E50/16

Abstract: A low-cost process is provided to render lignocellulosic biomass accessible to cellulase enzymes, to produce fermentable sugars. Some variations provide a process to produce ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass (such as sugarcane bagasse or corn stover), comprising introducing a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock to a single-stage digestor; exposing the feedstock to a reaction solution comprising steam or liquid hot water within the digestor, to solubilize the hemicellulose in a liquid phase and to provide a cellulose-rich solid phase; refining the cellulose-rich solid phase, together with the liquid phase, in a mechanical refiner, thereby providing a mixture of refined cellulose-rich solids and the liquid phase; enzymatically hydrolyzing the mixture in a hydrolysis reactor with cellulase enzymes, to generate fermentable sugars; and fermenting the fermentable sugars to produce ethanol. Many alternative process configurations are described. The disclosed processes may be employed for other fermentation products.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种低成本的方法来使木质纤维素生物质可获得纤维素酶，以产生可发酵的糖。 一些变型提供了从木质纤维素生物质（例如甘蔗渣或玉米秸秆）生产乙醇的方法，包括将木质纤维素生物质原料引入单级消化器; 将原料暴露于消化器内包含蒸汽或液体热水的反应溶液中，以将半纤维素溶解在液相中并提供富含纤维素的固相; 在机械磨浆机中将富含纤维素的固相与液相一起精炼，从而提供精制富含纤维素的固体和液相的混合物; 在水解反应器中用纤维素酶酶水解水解产生可发酵糖; 并发酵可发酵糖以产生乙醇。 描述了许多替代的工艺配置。 所公开的方法可用于其它发酵产物。

公开(公告)号：US20150368540A1

公开(公告)日：2015-12-24

申请号：US14743771

申请日：2015-06-18

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Jean-Pierre MONCLIN ,  Kimberly NELSON ,  Theodora RETSINA

IPC: C09K8/32 ,  C09K8/10 ,  C09K8/035

CPC classification number: C09K8/32 ,  C09K8/035 ,  C09K8/10 ,  C09K8/64 ,  C09K8/68 ,  C09K8/685 ,  C09K8/80 ,  C09K8/82 ,  C09K8/88 ,  C09K8/887 ,  C09K8/90 ,  C09K2208/08 ,  C09K2208/10

Abstract: This disclosure provides drilling fluids and additives as well as fracturing fluids and additives that contain cellulose nanofibers and/or cellulose nanocrystals. In some embodiments, hydrophobic nanocellulose is provided which can be incorporated into oil-based fluids and additives. These water-based or oil-based fluids and additives may further include lignosulfonates and other biomass-derived components. Also, these water-based or oil-based fluids and additives may further include enzymes. The drilling and fracturing fluids and additives described herein may be produced using the AVAP® process technology to produce a nanocellulose precursor, followed by low-energy refining to produce nanocellulose for incorporation into a variety of drilling and fracturing fluids and additives.

Abstract translation: 本公开提供了钻井液和添加剂以及包含纤维素纳米纤维和/或纤维素纳米晶体的压裂流体和添加剂。 在一些实施方案中，提供可以并入油基流体和添加剂中的疏水性纳米纤维素。 这些水基或油基流体和添加剂可以进一步包括木质素磺酸盐和其它生物质衍生的组分。 此外，这些水基或油性流体和添加剂还可以包括酶。 本文所述的钻井和压裂流体和添加剂可以使用AVAP工艺技术来生产，以产生纳米纤维素前体，随后进行低能量精炼以制备纳米纤维，以便结合到各种钻井和压裂流体和添加剂中。

公开(公告)号：US20150275432A1

公开(公告)日：2015-10-01

申请号：US14673811

申请日：2015-03-30

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Theodora RETSINA

IPC: D21H11/02 ,  C12P19/02 ,  D21H11/08 ,  C12P7/10 ,  D21H11/12 ,  D21H11/10

CPC classification number: D21H11/02 ,  C12P7/10 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C13K1/02 ,  C13K1/06 ,  C13K13/002 ,  D21C3/04 ,  D21C3/06 ,  D21C3/20 ,  D21C5/00 ,  D21C9/10 ,  D21H11/08 ,  D21H11/10 ,  D21H11/12 ,  Y02E50/16 ,  Y02P20/125

Abstract: In some variations, a process is provided for producing a pulp product at a biorefinery site, comprising: converting a woody cellulosic material to a first pulp stream; converting a non-woody cellulosic material to a second pulp stream; blending the second pulp stream into the first pulp stream; and recovering or further processing the blended pulp stream as a pulp product. Biorefinery site infrastructure may be shared between the woody and non-woody lines. Also, the process may include process integration of mass and/or energy between the woody and non-woody lines. The process may be a retrofit addition to a pulp plant, or a greenfield biorefinery site. The non-woody line also can generate fermentable sugars, for fermentation to ethanol (or other products). Through allocation of carbon credits from the ethanol to the pulp, the final pulp product life-cycle profile can be improved.

Abstract translation: 在一些变型中，提供了用于在生物精炼场所生产纸浆产品的方法，包括：将木质纤维素材料转化为第一纸浆流; 将非木质纤维素材料转化为第二纸浆流; 将第二纸浆流混合到第一纸浆流中; 并回收或进一步处理作为纸浆产品的混合纸浆流。 生物精炼厂的基础设施可能在木本和非木质生产线之间共享。 此外，该过程可以包括在木本和非木本线之间的质量和/或能量的过程整合。 该方法可以是对纸浆厂或绿地生物精炼​​厂的改造添加剂。 非木质线也可以产生可发酵的糖，用于发酵成乙醇（或其他产品）。 通过从乙醇向纸浆分配碳信用，可以提高最终的纸浆生产周期。

公开(公告)号：US20150259709A1

公开(公告)日：2015-09-17

申请号：US14640255

申请日：2015-03-06

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Theodora RETSINA ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN

IPC: C12P7/14 ,  D21C3/20 ,  D21C3/06 ,  D21H11/12

CPC classification number: C12P7/14 ,  C12P7/10 ,  D21C3/04 ,  D21C3/06 ,  D21C3/20 ,  D21C9/10 ,  D21C11/0007 ,  D21H11/12 ,  Y02E50/16 ,  Y02E50/17 ,  Y02P40/44

Abstract: The disclosure provides a process for producing fluff pulp and ethanol from sugarcane bagasse or straw, comprising: fractionating the feedstock in the presence of an acid catalyst, a solvent for lignin, and water, to generate a solid/liquid slurry comprising cellulose-rich solids, hemicelluloses, and lignin; separating the solid/liquid slurry into a solid stream and a liquid stream; further treating the cellulose-rich solids to produce fluff pulp; hydrolyzing the hemicelluloses to generate hemicellulose monomers; and fermenting at least a portion of the hemicellulose monomers to cellulosic ethanol. Lignin is removed from the process during one or more steps and combusted to provide energy for process requirements. The process is integrated with, and provides energy to, a first-generation process that ferments sugarcane-derived sucrose to first-generation ethanol. Similar processes are possible with energy cane, corn, and other crops.

Abstract translation: 本公开提供了从甘蔗渣或秸秆生产绒毛浆和乙醇的方法，包括：在酸催化剂，木质素和水的溶剂存在下，分馏原料，以产生包含富含纤维素的固体的固体/液体浆料 ，半纤维素和木质素; 将固体/液体浆料分离成固体流和液体流; 进一步处理富含纤维素的固体以产生绒毛浆; 水解半纤维素以产生半纤维素单体; 并将至少一部分半纤维素单体发酵至纤维素乙醇。 在一个或多个步骤中将木质素从工艺中去除并燃烧以提供工艺要求的能量。 该过程与向第一代乙醇发酵甘蔗衍生的蔗糖的第一代方法相结合并提供能量。 能量甘蔗，玉米和其他作物可以进行类似的处理。

公开(公告)号：US20150191873A1

公开(公告)日：2015-07-09

申请号：US14590681

申请日：2015-01-06

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Vesa PYLKKANEN ,  Theodora RETSINA

IPC: D21H11/08

CPC classification number: D21C11/10 ,  D21B1/021 ,  D21C1/02 ,  D21C9/02 ,  D21C11/0007 ,  D21C11/0042 ,  D21H11/08

Abstract: An improved semichemical pulping process is disclosed to reduce washing costs and recovery process costs, while producing equivalent pulp and paper products. In some variations, the invention provides a process for producing a paper product from biomass, comprising: digesting lignocellulosic biomass in the presence of steam and/or hot water to generate an intermediate pulp material and a liquid phase containing extracted hemicelluloses; mechanically refining the intermediate pulp material, to generate a refined pulp material; and introducing the refined pulp material, the liquid phase, and optionally a separate solid material to a paper machine, to produce a paper product. The process optionally employs no washing step. When the liquid phase is washed from the intermediate pulp material or the refined pulp material using an aqueous wash solution, the wash filtrate may be introduced directly or indirectly to the paper machine.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种改进的半化学制浆方法，以减少洗涤成本和回收过程成本，同时生产等效的纸浆和纸制品。 在一些变型中，本发明提供了一种用于从生物质生产纸产品的方法，包括：在蒸汽和/或热水存在下消化木质纤维素生物质以产生中间纸浆材料和含有提取的半纤维素的液相; 机械地精炼中间纸浆材料，以产生精制纸浆材料; 并将精制纸浆材料，液相和任选的单独的固体材料引入造纸机，以生产纸制品。 该方法任选地不采用洗涤步骤。 当使用水性洗涤溶液从中间纸浆材料或精炼纸浆材料洗涤液相时，洗涤滤液可以直接或间接引入造纸机。

公开(公告)号：US20150072389A1

公开(公告)日：2015-03-12

申请号：US14274265

申请日：2014-05-09

Applicant: API INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HOLDINGS, LLC

Inventor： Theodora RETSINA ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN ,  Rolf RYHAM

IPC: C13K1/02 ,  C08H7/00 ,  C01F11/46 ,  C12P7/10

CPC classification number: C13K1/02 ,  C01F11/46 ,  C08B3/00 ,  C08B37/0057 ,  C08H6/00 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C12P7/10 ,  C12P7/40 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  C12P2203/00 ,  D21C3/04 ,  D21C3/20 ,  D21C11/0007 ,  Y02E50/16 ,  Y02P40/44

Abstract: A method for the fractionation of lignocellulosic materials into reactive chemical feedstock in a batch or semi continuous process by the stepwise treatment with aqueous aliphatic alcohols in the presence of sulfur dioxide or acid. Lignocellulosic material is fractionated in a fashion that cellulose is removed as pulp, or converted to esterified cellulose, cooking chemicals are reused, lignin is separated in the forms of reactive native lignin and reactive lignosulfonates and hemicelluloses are converted into fermentable sugars, while fermentation inhibitors are removed. In an integrated vapor compression stripper and evaporator system, aliphatic alcohol is removed from a liquid stream and the resulting stream is concentrated for further processing.

Abstract translation: 通过在二氧化硫或酸的存在下用脂族醇水溶液分级处理将分批或半连续方法中的木质纤维素材料分馏成反应性化学原料的方法。 将木质纤维素材料以纤维素作为纸浆去除或转化为酯化纤维素，蒸煮化学品被再利用，木质素以反应性天然木质素和反应性木质素磺酸盐的形式分离，半纤维素转化为可发酵糖，而发酵抑制剂为 删除。 在集成蒸汽压缩汽提器和蒸发器系统中，从液体流中除去脂族醇，并将所得流浓缩以进行进一步处理。