Abstract:
An emitter with a diameter of 100 nm or less is used with a protective cap layer and a diffusion barrier between the emitter and the protective cap layer. The protective cap layer is disposed on the exterior surface of the emitter. The protective cap layer includes molybdenum or iridium. The emitter can generate an electron beam. The emitter can be pulsed.
Abstract:
Electron source designs are disclosed. The emitter structure, which may be silicon, has a layer on it. The layer may be graphene or a photoemissive material, such as an alkali halide. An additional layer between the emitter structure and the layer or a protective layer on the layer can be included. Methods of operation and methods of manufacturing also are disclosed.
Abstract:
The system includes a photocathode electron source, diffractive optical element, and a microlens array to focus the beamlets. A source directs a radiation beam to the diffractive optical element, which produces a beamlet array to be used in combination with a photocathode surface to generate an array of electron beams from the beamlets.
Abstract:
An emitter with a diameter of 100 nm or less is used with a protective cap layer and a diffusion barrier between the emitter and the protective cap layer. The protective cap layer is disposed on the exterior surface of the emitter. The protective cap layer includes molybdenum or iridium. The emitter can generate an electron beam. The emitter can be pulsed.
Abstract:
An emitter with a protective cap layer on an exterior surface of the emitter is disclosed. The emitter can have a diameter of 100 nm or less. The protective cap layer includes ruthenium. Ruthenium is resistant to oxidation and carbon growth. The protective cap layer also can have relatively low sputter yields to withstand erosion by ions. The emitter may be part of a system with an electron beam source. An electric field can be applied to the emitter and an electron beam can be generated from the emitter. The protective cap layer may be applied to the emitter by sputter deposition, atomic layer deposition (ALD), or ion sputtering.
Abstract:
An apparatus for contaminant control, having: a first optical assembly including: a first light homogenizer tunnel with: a first end connected to an extreme ultra-violet light source, a second end in communication with a destination chamber, a first enclosed space, and, a first gas input arranged to introduce a first gas such that the first gas flows in a first direction toward the first end and in a second direction toward the second end. The apparatus alternately having: a second optical assembly including: a second light homogenizer tunnel with: a third end connected to an extreme ultra-violet light source, a fourth end in communication with a destination chamber, a second enclosed space, a diffusion barrier tube including: a fifth end facing the fourth end and a sixth end in communication with a destination chamber, and a second gas input between the second light homogenizer tunnel and the diffusion tube.
Abstract:
An apparatus for use with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light comprising A) a duct having a first end opening, a second end opening and an intermediate opening intermediate the first end opening the second end opening, B) an optical component disposed to receive EUV light from the second end opening or to send light through the second end opening, and C) a source of low pressure gas at a first pressure to flow through the duct, the gas having a high transmission of EUV light, fluidly coupled to the intermediate opening. In addition to or rather than gas flow the apparatus may have A) a low pressure gas with a heat control unit thermally coupled to at least one of the duct and the optical component and/or B) a voltage device to generate voltage between a first portion and a second portion of the duet with a grounded insulative portion therebetween.
Abstract:
An optical instrument, including a chamber, an object exposed to an interior of the chamber, a source of low-pressure gas, the gas comprising at least one of low-pressure molecular hydrogen gas, low-pressure molecular oxygen and a low-pressure noble gas, the source of low pressure gas being fluidly coupled to the chamber, a low voltage source electrically coupled between the object and a remaining portion of the instrument that is exposed to the interior of the chamber so as to maintain the object at a low voltage relative to the remaining portion, and an EUV/VUV light source adapted to direct EUV/VUV light through the low pressure gas in the chamber onto the object. In such a system, when the EUV/VUV light source is activated ions of the low-pressure gas are formed and directed to the object. The ions may be ions of Hydrogen, Oxygen or a noble gas.
Abstract:
An optical instrument, including a chamber, an object exposed to an interior of the chamber, a source of low-pressure gas, the gas comprising at least one of low-pressure molecular hydrogen gas, low-pressure molecular oxygen and a low-pressure noble gas, the source of low pressure gas being fluidly coupled to the chamber, a low voltage source electrically coupled between the object and a remaining portion of the instrument that is exposed to the interior of the chamber so as to maintain the object at a low voltage relative to the remaining portion, and an EUV/VUV light source adapted to direct EUV/VUV light through the low pressure gas in the chamber onto the object. In such a system, when the EUV/VUV light source is activated ions of the low-pressure gas are formed and directed to the object. The ions may be ions of Hydrogen, Oxygen or a noble gas.
Abstract:
An apparatus for contaminant control, having: a first optical assembly including: a first light homogenizer tunnel with: a first end connected to an extreme ultra-violet light source, a second end in communication with a destination chamber, a first enclosed space, and, a first gas input arranged to introduce a first gas such that the first gas flows in a first direction toward the first end and in a second direction toward the second end. The apparatus alternately having: a second optical assembly including: a second light homogenizer tunnel with: a third end connected to an extreme ultra-violet light source, a fourth end in communication with a destination chamber, a second enclosed space, a diffusion barrier tube including: a fifth end facing the fourth end and a sixth end in communication with a destination chamber, and a second gas input between the second light homogenizer tunnel and the diffusion tube.