Abstract:
An electron beam discharge device for transmitting from the evacuated interior of the device a broad area electron beam through an electron window to a region of higher pressure outside the device. Electron emission means are disposed in an enclosure effective to shield the electron emission means from external electrical influences. Grid means at a high negative potential is disposed between the electron emission means and the electron window to effect the transmission through the electron window of electrons received from the electron emission means through the grid means. The electron window may be carried by an evacuated enclosure which may or may not be at ground potential. Spacecharge limited emission together with alignment of parts insure maximum uniformity of the beam.
Abstract:
The present disclosure involves methods and apparatus for actively controlling the charged particle density in a controlled pressure region or in the ambient atmosphere, from an accelerator capable of producing high intensity relativistic charged particle streams in a pulsed manner. The techniques are applicable to both high repetition rate applications, typical of industrial processors, electron tubes or accelerator/fusion reactor injectors, and to single pulse or low repetition rate systems. These methods utilize the self-magnetic forces of relativistic beams to accomplish controlled distribution, and avoid the complexities of electromagnetic scanners or lenses heretofore used for this purpose. Methods are also disclosed which utilize force control in partially charged neutralized beams as well as plasma conductivity control in freely drifting beam systems.
Abstract:
In electron irradiation of organic materials to cause chemical changes therein the material is subjected to at least five successive doses of electron radiation of substantially equal intensity, the material preferably being moved successively past at least five beams of electrons spaced apart along the direction of movement of the material.
Abstract:
ELECTRONS HAVING ENERGY OF THE ORDER OF HUNDREDS OF KILOVOLTS ARE PRODUCED OVER A WIDE AREA BY A VACUUM TIGHT TUBE CONTAINING GAS AT LOW PRESSURE WHICH BECOMES IONIZED. ELECTRONS ARE RELEASED AT THE CATHODE SURFACE IN HOLLOW DEPRESSIONS IN THAT SURFACE EXTENDING OVER A LARGE AREA BY SECONDARY EMISSION CAUSED BY BOMBARDMENT OF THE CATHODE SURFACE WITH POSITIVE IONS AND BY COLLISION IONIZATION PROCESSES IN THE GAS. THE ELECTRONS THUS RELEASED ARE ACCELERATED AND FOCUSED INTO APERTURES IN THE ANODE WHICH ARE COVERED WITH THIN ELECTRON WINDOWS THROUGH WHICH THE ELECTRONS ISSUE AS UNIFORM AND PARALLEL STREAMS SUITABLE FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS IRRADIATION OF COATINGS AND LIKE MATERIALS OVER A LARGE AREA.