公开(公告)号：US4804849A

公开(公告)日：1989-02-14

申请号：US3755

申请日：1987-01-16

Applicant: Charles R. Booth ,  Dale A. Kiefer

Inventor： Charles R. Booth ,  Dale A. Kiefer

IPC: G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/06 ,  G01J1/42 ,  G01N21/63 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N33/18 ,  G01N21/62

CPC classification number: G01N21/6486 ,  G01N21/8507 ,  G01N33/1866 ,  G01J1/0488 ,  G01J1/06 ,  G01J1/4228 ,  G01N2021/1782 ,  G01N2021/635 ,  G01N2201/0212 ,  G01N2201/0218 ,  G01N2201/0616

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for optically measuring scalar irradiance or incident flux of radiant energy and for optically measuring naturally occurring chlorophyll fluorescence or upwelling radiance in a parcel of water in a natural setting. From a comparison of the two measurements, rate of primary photosynthetic production is calculated by appropriately programmed computer means. Readout means are provided to indicate the rate of primary production. Further, concentrations of chlorophyll that generate the primary production are also determined by means of the apparatus of this invention. The method of this invention, employing measurement instruments of the type disclosed, enables the determination of concentrations of chlorophyll and primary production in parcels of water.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于光学测量辐射能量的标量辐照度或入射通量的装置，并用于在自然环境中光学测量一包水中的天然存在的叶绿素荧光或上升流辐射。 从两个测量的比较，初步光合生产率通过适当编程的计算机方法计算。 提供阅读手段来指示初级生产率。 此外，通过本发明的装置也可以确定产生初次生产的叶绿素的浓度。 使用所公开的类型的测量仪器的本发明的方法能够测定水中的叶绿素浓度和一次生产。

公开(公告)号：US4737030A

公开(公告)日：1988-04-12

申请号：US698640

申请日：1985-02-06

Applicant: Paul H. Lee ,  Frederick B. Brown

Inventor： Paul H. Lee ,  Frederick B. Brown

IPC: G01J1/06 ,  G01J3/00 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/32 ,  G01J3/14

CPC classification number: G01J3/32 ,  G01J2001/067 ,  G01J2003/064 ,  G01J2003/1208 ,  G01J2003/1828 ,  G01J2003/283 ,  G01J3/0264 ,  G01J3/027

Abstract: A computer controlled optical system for automatically acquiring and storing spectral radiance data for a multiplicity of targets. Several measurement modes are available for each target ranging from a single wavelength measurement to measurement over a plurality of discrete wavelengths. Stepping motive means prompted by computer instructions direct the apparatus to a given set of target coordinates.

Abstract translation: 一种用于自动获取和存储多个目标的光谱辐射数据的计算机控制的光学系统。 从单个波长测量到多个离散波长上的测量，每个目标都有几种测量模式。 步进动机意味着由计算机指令提示将装置引导到给定的一组目标坐标。

公开(公告)号：US4636071A

公开(公告)日：1987-01-13

申请号：US797064

申请日：1985-11-06

Applicant: Richard S. Lowe ,  Constantine Saravanos

Inventor： Richard S. Lowe ,  Constantine Saravanos

IPC: G01J1/06 ,  G01M11/00 ,  G01N21/59 ,  G01N21/84

CPC classification number: G01M11/334 ,  G01N21/59 ,  G01J2001/068

Abstract: The fundamental-mode field radius `w` is a key parameter in characterizing optical fibers. `w` is a function of P, .theta. and .lambda. where P is the far-field power passing through a circular aperture subtending a solid angle of 2.theta. at the fiber end face and .lambda. is the center wavelength of transmitted length. `w` is derived by moving a fixed diameter aperture along an axis extending between the test fiber end surface and a photodetector so as effectively to vary .theta.. At each location the power P incident on the photodetector and the corresponding acceptance angle .theta. are measured. A microprocesor is programmed to compute from the range of measured values of .theta. and P, the value of mode field radius for a particular transmission wavelength .lambda..

Abstract translation: 基模场半径'w'是表征光纤的关键参数。 'w'是P，θ和λ的函数，其中P是通过在光纤端面处对角2θ的立体角的圆形孔的远场功率，λ是透射长度的中心波长。 通过沿着在测试光纤端表面和光电检测器之间延伸的轴线移动固定直径的孔来实现'w'，以便有效地改变θ。 在每个位置处，测量入射在光电检测器上的功率P和对应的接收角度θ。 微处理器被编程为从θ和P的测量值的范围计算特定透射波长λ的模场半径的值。

公开(公告)号：US4626686A

公开(公告)日：1986-12-02

申请号：US598222

申请日：1984-04-09

Applicant: Francesco Pompei ,  Shiraz Daya ,  Domenico A. Pompei

Inventor： Francesco Pompei ,  Shiraz Daya ,  Domenico A. Pompei

IPC: G01J1/06 ,  G01J5/08 ,  G01J1/00

CPC classification number: G01J5/02 ,  G01J5/0096 ,  G01J5/0205 ,  G01J5/025 ,  G01J5/026 ,  G01J5/0265 ,  G01J5/08 ,  G01J5/0806 ,  G01J5/084 ,  G01J5/0843 ,  G01J5/089 ,  G01J5/0893 ,  G01J2001/065 ,  G01J2005/068

Abstract: A hand held radiation detector is adapted for scanning the subject while a bar graph at one end of the detector is observed. The field of view of the radiation detector is variable by means of removable lens assemblies which have Fresnel lenses positioned at the focal lengths of the lenses from the radiation sensor. The lens assemblies are matched to provide the same flux density to the radiation sensor independent of the field of view. Crosshairs provided on the rear of a lens support assist in aiming the radiation detector. The time constant of the display is varied with the sensitivity of the display.

Abstract translation: 手持式放射线检测器适用于扫描受检者，同时观察检测器一端的条形图。 放射线检测器的视野可通过可移除的透镜组件而变化，其中透镜组件具有位于透镜的焦距处的菲涅尔透镜。 透镜组件被匹配以提供与辐射传感器相同的通量密度，而与视场无关。 在镜头支架后部提供的十字准线帮助瞄准辐射探测器。 显示器的时间常数随显示器的灵敏度而变化。

公开(公告)号：US4609820A

公开(公告)日：1986-09-02

申请号：US596706

申请日：1984-04-04

Applicant: Yoshihiro Miyamoto

Inventor： Yoshihiro Miyamoto

IPC: G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/06 ,  G01J5/06 ,  G01J5/28 ,  H01L31/0216 ,  G01J1/00

CPC classification number: G01J1/06 ,  G01J5/061 ,  H01L31/02164 ,  G01J2005/283 ,  Y10T428/24165

Abstract: An image sensing device is improved by an optical shield having a multi-aperture to provide high signal to noise ratio. The improved optical shield is provided with a plurality of shield elements forming a grid-like or cellular structure. With such a structure, the solid angle of the field of view for each sensing element becomes almost the same, resulting in the reduction of "shading". The distance between the heat shield and the array can be reduced, resulting in miniaturization of the device. Each sensing element is not shielded individually, so the pitch of the shield elements can be larger than that of the sensing elements, which allows easier and less costly fabrication of the shield.

Abstract translation: 通过具有多孔径的光屏蔽来改善图像感测装置以提供高的信噪比。 改进的光学屏蔽件设置有形成网格状或细胞结构的多个屏蔽元件。 利用这种结构，每个感测元件的视野的立体角变得几乎相同，导致“阴影”的减少。 可以减少隔热罩与阵列之间的距离，从而使装置小型化。 每个感测元件不被单独屏蔽，因此屏蔽元件的间距可以大于感测元件的间距，这允许更容易且更便宜地制造屏蔽件。

公开(公告)号：US4093384A

公开(公告)日：1978-06-06

申请号：US729523

申请日：1976-10-04

Applicant: Gerald D. Ferguson

Inventor： Gerald D. Ferguson

IPC: G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/06 ,  G01S7/481 ,  G01J3/48

CPC classification number: G01J1/06 ,  G01S7/4816 ,  G01J1/0411 ,  G01J1/0488

Abstract: A narrow angle, narrow bandwidth optical receiver system for detecting light rays reflected from a predetermined area illuminated by a laser beam having a known wavelength. A large collecting lens having a small field of view receives incoming reflected rays which are collimated by a pair of relay lenses having a narrow bandwidth, triple cavity, single element interference filter positoned therebetween. The filtered rays are processed by a photomultiplier tube and a CRT display to illustrate signals of interest within the illuminated area. An alternate embodiment provides a cone element to receive filtered rays from relay lenses for decreasing the size of the receiver system.

Abstract translation: 一种用于检测从具有已知波长的激光束照射的预定区域反射的光线的窄角度窄带宽光接收器系统。 具有小视场的大型收集透镜接收由一对具有窄带宽的三中继透镜准直的入射反射光线，三腔，单元干涉滤光器位于其间。 经过滤光的光线由光电倍增管和CRT显示器处理，以示出照明区域内的感兴趣的信号。 一个替代实施例提供一种锥形元件，用于接收来自中继透镜的滤波光线以减小接收器系统的尺寸。

公开(公告)号：US3942009A

公开(公告)日：1976-03-02

申请号：US500147

申请日：1974-08-23

Applicant: Allen L. Taylor

Inventor： Allen L. Taylor

IPC: G01J5/02 ,  G01J1/02 ,  G01J1/06 ,  G01J5/34 ,  G01T1/16

CPC classification number: G01J5/34 ,  G01J1/06

Abstract: A directional radiation detector having a pyroelectric sensing medium for responding to radiation and a directional screen formed of a panel with a plurality of axial passages that restrict the radiation viewing angle of the detector.

Abstract translation: 一种定向辐射探测器，具有用于响应辐射的热电传感介质和由具有限制检测器的辐射视角的多个轴向通道的面板形成的定向屏。

公开(公告)号：US3759153A

公开(公告)日：1973-09-18

申请号：US3759153D

申请日：1972-10-25

Applicant: POLAROID CORP

Inventor： AIMO K ,  BAKER P

IPC: G03B17/12 ,  G01J1/06

CPC classification number: G03B17/12

Abstract: A lens shade is provided for use with compact photographic apparatus, e.g., a camera, of the type having an objective lens and a light sensing device mounted thereon in close proximity to one another. The lens shade extends outwardly from the camera housing and shades the lens without blocking its field of view, however, the shade does extend into the overlapping field of view of the light sensing device. To overcome this problem, the lens shade is provided with a light transmitting section or louvered opening therein for selectively transmitting and directing light from portions of the overlapping field of view to the light sensing device.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种透镜遮光罩，用于与其上安装有彼此靠近的物镜和光感测装置的类型的紧凑型摄影装置，例如相机。 镜头遮光罩从照相机外壳向外延伸并遮蔽透镜而不遮挡其视野，然而，遮光罩延伸到光感测装置的重叠视场。 为了克服这个问题，透镜罩在其中设置有透光部分或百叶窗，用于选择性地将光从重叠视场的部分传输和引导到光感测装置。

公开(公告)号：US2248758A

公开(公告)日：1941-07-08

申请号：US16922437

申请日：1937-10-15

Applicant: INT STANDARD ELECTRIC CORP

Inventor： EUGENE HIGONNET RENE ALPHONSE ,  MAURICE LUCAS ROBERT

IPC: G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/06

CPC classification number: G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/0477 ,  G01J1/06

公开(公告)号：US2227166A

公开(公告)日：1940-12-31

申请号：US17249137

申请日：1937-11-02

Applicant: FERDINAND TONNIES HANS

Inventor： FERDINAND TONNIES HANS

IPC: G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/06

CPC classification number: G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/0411 ,  G01J1/06