公开(公告)号：US20160281298A1

公开(公告)日：2016-09-29

申请号：US15180356

申请日：2016-06-13

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Kimberly NELSON ,  Theodora RETSINA ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN ,  Ryan O'CONNOR

IPC: D21H11/18 ,  D21C3/06 ,  D21H21/32 ,  D21C9/10 ,  D21H11/06 ,  C13K1/02 ,  D21C9/00

CPC classification number: D21H11/18 ,  C13K1/02 ,  D21C3/04 ,  D21C3/06 ,  D21C9/007 ,  D21C9/10 ,  D21H11/06 ,  D21H17/66 ,  D21H21/32

Abstract: Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity nanocellulose with low mechanical energy input. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with sulfur dioxide or a sulfite compound and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form nanofibrils and/or nanocrystals. The total mechanical energy may be less than 500 kilowatt-hours per ton. The crystallinity of the nanocellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. The nanocellulose material may include nanofibrillated cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, or both. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose material is hydrophobic via deposition of some lignin onto the cellulose surface. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the nanocellulose to form completely renewable composites.

公开(公告)号：US20160244650A9

公开(公告)日：2016-08-25

申请号：US14495652

申请日：2014-09-24

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Vesa PYLKKANEN ,  Kimberly NELSON

IPC: C09K3/18

CPC classification number: C09K3/185

Abstract: In some variations, the invention provides a deicer composition comprising alkali acetate, a solvent (such as water) for the alkali acetate, and a corrosion inhibitor comprising lignin or a lignin derivative. The acetate and the lignin or lignin derivative are preferably each derived from the same biomass feedstock. In some embodiments, the alkali is selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the alkali acetate is present in a concentration from about 30 wt % to about 99 wt %. Deicer products may be a crystallized or dried form of the deicer composition.

Abstract translation: 在一些变型中，本发明提供了一种除冰组合物，其包含碱性乙酸盐，用于碱性乙酸盐的溶剂（例如水）和包含木质素或木质素衍生物的腐蚀抑制剂。 乙酸盐和木质素或木质素衍生物优选各自衍生自相同的生物质原料。 在一些实施方案中，碱选自钾，钠，镁，钙及其组合。 在一些实施方案中，碱性乙酸盐以约30重量％至约99重量％的浓度存在。 除冰产品可以是除冰组合物的结晶或干燥形式。

公开(公告)号：US20160237102A1

公开(公告)日：2016-08-18

申请号：US15137043

申请日：2016-04-25

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Theodora RETSINA ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN ,  Kimberly NELSON ,  Mark SZCZEPANIK

IPC: C07G1/00 ,  C13K1/04

CPC classification number: C07G1/00 ,  C08B37/0057 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C13K1/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  C13K1/04 ,  C13K13/00 ,  Y02E50/343

Abstract: The present invention generally provides methods of improving lignin separation during biomass fractionation with an acid to release sugars and a solvent for lignin (such as ethanol). In some embodiments, a digestor is employed to fractionating a feedstock in the presence of a solvent for lignin, sulfur dioxide, and water, to produce a liquor containing hemicellulose, cellulose-rich solids, and lignin. A solid additive is added to the digestor, wherein the solid additive combines with at least a portion of the lignin. Then a mixture of lignin and the solid additive is separated from the liquor, prior to hemicellulose recovery. Optionally, a solid additive may also be introduced to a hydrolysis reactor for converting hemicellulose oligomers to monomers, to improve separation of acid-catalyzed lignin. In some embodiments, the solid additive is gypsum or a gypsum/lignin mixture.

Abstract translation: 本发明通常提供在用酸释放糖和用于木质素（例如乙醇）的溶剂的生物质分馏过程中改善木质素分离的方法。 在一些实施方案中，消化剂用于在木素，二氧化硫和水的溶剂存在下分馏原料，以产生含有半纤维素，富含纤维素的固体和木质素的液体。 将固体添加剂加入到消化器中，其中固体添加剂与至少一部分木质素结合。 然后在半纤维素回收之前将木质素和固体添加剂的混合物与液体分离。 任选地，也可将固体添加剂引入水解反应器以将半纤维素低聚物转化为单体，以改善酸催化的木质素的分离。 在一些实施方案中，固体添加剂是石膏或石膏/木质素混合物。

公开(公告)号：US20150368441A1

公开(公告)日：2015-12-24

申请号：US14748120

申请日：2015-06-23

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Theodora RETSINA ,  Kimberly NELSON

IPC: C08L1/02 ,  D21C3/04 ,  C08J7/04 ,  C08J9/36 ,  C09D101/02 ,  C08J9/00

CPC classification number: C08L1/02 ,  C08B37/0057 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C08J9/0061 ,  C08J9/365 ,  C08J2301/02 ,  C08J2497/00 ,  C09D101/02 ,  C09D197/005 ,  D21C3/04 ,  D21C9/007 ,  D21C11/0007 ,  D21H11/08 ,  D21H19/34 ,  Y02P40/44 ,  Y10T428/2933 ,  Y10T428/2991 ,  Y10T442/20

Abstract: An oleophilic and hydrophobic nanocellulose material is disclosed herein, for nanocellulose sponges and other applications. The oleophilic and hydrophobic nanocellulose material comprises lignin-coated cellulose nanofibrils and/or lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals. In various embodiments, the nanocellulose material is in the form of a 2D coating or layer, or a 3D object (e.g., foam or aerogel). The nanocellulose material may be disposed onto a scaffold. A process is provided for producing an oleophilic and hydrophobic nanocellulose object, comprising fractionating a biomass feedstock with an acid, a solvent for lignin, and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a lignin-containing liquor; mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form cellulose fibrils and/or cellulose crystals; generating a nanocellulose object from the intermediate nanocellulose material; exposing the nanocellulose object to the lignin-containing liquor to allow lignin to deposit onto a surface of the nanocellulose object; and recovering the oleophilic and hydrophobic nanocellulose object.

Abstract translation: 本文公开了亲油和疏水的纳米纤维素材料，用于纳米纤维素海绵和其它应用。 亲油和疏水的纳米纤维素材料包括木质素包被的纤维素纳米原纤维和/或木质素包被的纤维素纳米晶体。 在各种实施方案中，纳米纤维素材料为2D涂层或层或3D物体（例如泡沫或气凝胶）的形式。 纳米纤维素材料可以设置在支架上。 提供了一种用于生产亲油和疏水的纳米纤维物体的方法，包括用酸，木质素和水的溶剂分馏生物质原料，以产生富含纤维素的固体和含木质素的液体; 机械处理富含纤维素的固体以形成纤维素原纤维和/或纤维素晶体; 从中间纳米纤维素材料产生纳米纤维物体; 将纳米纤维物体暴露于含木质素的液体中以使木质素沉积在纳米纤维物体的表面上; 并回收亲油和疏水的纳米纤维素物体。

公开(公告)号：US20150368368A1

公开(公告)日：2015-12-24

申请号：US14746822

申请日：2015-06-22

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Theodora RETSINA ,  Kimberly NELSON

IPC: C08B15/00 ,  C09D101/02

CPC classification number: C08B15/02 ,  C08B15/00 ,  C08B15/04 ,  C08B15/08 ,  C08J7/12 ,  C08K9/00 ,  C08L1/02 ,  C09D101/04

Abstract: A composition comprising nanocellulose is disclosed, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. The nanocellulose may be in the form of cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, or both. The nanocellulose is characterized by a crystallinity of at least 80%, an onset of thermal decomposition of 300° F. or higher, and a low light transmittance over the range 400-700 nm. Other variations provide a composition comprising lignin-coated hydrophobic nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. Some variations provide a composition comprising nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains about 0.1 wt % equivalent sulfur content, or less, as SO4 groups chemically or physically bound to the nanocellulose. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose contains essentially no hydrogen atoms (apart from hydrogen structurally contained in nanocellulose itself) bound to the nanocellulose. Various compositions, materials, and products may incorporate the nanocellulose compositions disclosed herein.

Abstract translation: 公开了包含纳米纤维素的组合物，其中所述纳米纤维素含有非常低或基本上不含硫含量。 纳米纤维素可以是纤维素纳米晶体，纤维素纳米纤丝或两者的形式。 纳米纤维素的特征在于至少80％的结晶度，300°F或更高的热分解开始，以及400-700nm范围内的低透光率。 其它变化提供包含木质素包被的疏水性纳米纤维素的组合物，其中所述纳米纤维素含有非常低或基本上不含硫含量。 一些变型提供包含纳米纤维素的组合物，其中纳米纤维素含有约0.1重量％当量的硫含量，或更少，因为SO4基团与纳米纤维素化学或物理结合。 在一些实施方案中，纳米纤维素基本上不含与纳米纤维素结合的氢原子（除了结构上包含在纳米纤维素本身中的氢之外）。 各种组合物，材料和产品可以并入本文公开的纳米纤维素组合物。

公开(公告)号：US20150361474A1

公开(公告)日：2015-12-17

申请号：US14831827

申请日：2015-08-20

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Kimberly NELSON ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN ,  Theodora RETSINA ,  Ryan O'CONNOR

IPC: C12P19/24 ,  C10L1/02 ,  A23L1/236 ,  C10L5/44 ,  A23L2/60 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C10L1/04

CPC classification number: C12P19/24 ,  A23L2/60 ,  A23L27/33 ,  C10L1/02 ,  C10L5/44 ,  C10L2200/0469 ,  C10L2290/26 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  C12P2203/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  C13K11/00 ,  Y02E50/10 ,  Y02E50/30

Abstract: Some variations provide a process for producing cellulosic fructose from biomass, comprising: fractionating a biomass feedstock in the presence of an acid catalyst, a solvent for lignin, and water, to produce a liquor containing cellulose-rich solids, lignin, and dissolved hemicellulose; removing the cellulose-rich solids from the liquor; hydrolyzing the dissolved hemicellulose contained in the liquor, to produce a hydrolyzed liquor comprising hemicellulosic monomers; hydrolyzing the cellulose-rich solids to produce glucose, using cellulase enzymes or an acid or base hydrolysis catalyst; enzymatically isomerizing the glucose to fructose, using glucose isomerase enzymes; and recovering the fructose in purified form or in a fructose-glucose solution. The cellulosic fructose produced by the disclosed processes has many uses.

Abstract translation: 一些变体提供了用于从生物质生产纤维素果糖的方法，包括：在酸催化剂，木质素和水的溶剂存在下分解生物质原料，以产生含有富含纤维素的固体，木质素和溶解的半纤维素的液体; 从液体中除去富含纤维素的固体; 水解包含在液体中的溶解的半纤维素，以产生包含半纤维素单体的水解液; 使用纤维素酶或酸或碱水解催化剂水解富含纤维素的固体以产生葡萄糖; 使用葡萄糖异构酶酶将葡萄糖酶促异构化成果糖; 并回收纯化形式的果糖或果糖 - 葡萄糖溶液。 由所公开的方法生产的纤维素果糖具有许多用途。

公开(公告)号：US20140163210A1

公开(公告)日：2014-06-12

申请号：US14066534

申请日：2013-10-29

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Theodora RETSINA ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN ,  Kimberly NELSON ,  Mark SZCZEPANIK

IPC: C08B1/00 ,  C07G1/00 ,  C13K1/00

CPC classification number: C07G1/00 ,  C08B37/0057 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C13K1/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  C13K1/04 ,  C13K13/00 ,  Y02E50/343

Abstract: The present invention generally provides methods of improving lignin separation during biomass fractionation with an acid to release sugars and a solvent for lignin (such as ethanol). In some embodiments, a digestor is employed to fractionating a feedstock in the presence of a solvent for lignin, sulfur dioxide, and water, to produce a liquor containing hemicellulose, cellulose-rich solids, and lignin. A solid additive is added to the digestor, wherein the solid additive combines with at least a portion of the lignin. Then a mixture of lignin and the solid additive is separated from the liquor, prior to hemicellulose recovery. Optionally, a solid additive may also be introduced to a hydrolysis reactor for converting hemicellulose oligomers to monomers, to improve separation of acid-catalyzed lignin. In some embodiments, the solid additive is gypsum or a gypsum/lignin mixture.

Abstract translation: 本发明通常提供在用酸释放糖和用于木质素（例如乙醇）的溶剂的生物质分馏过程中改善木质素分离的方法。 在一些实施方案中，消化剂用于在木素，二氧化硫和水的溶剂存在下分馏原料，以产生含有半纤维素，富含纤维素的固体和木质素的液体。 将固体添加剂加入到消化器中，其中固体添加剂与至少一部分木质素结合。 然后在半纤维素回收之前将木质素和固体添加剂的混合物与液体分离。 任选地，也可以将固体添加剂引入水解反应器以将半纤维素低聚物转化为单体，以改善酸催化的木质素的分离。 在一些实施方案中，固体添加剂是石膏或石膏/木质素混合物。

公开(公告)号：US20140154757A1

公开(公告)日：2014-06-05

申请号：US14092910

申请日：2013-11-27

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Kimberly NELSON ,  Theodora RETSINA ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN ,  Ryan O'CONNOR

IPC: D21C5/00

CPC classification number: C08B15/08 ,  C07G1/00 ,  C08B15/00 ,  C08B15/02 ,  C08B37/0057 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C08L1/02 ,  C12P7/04 ,  C12P7/10 ,  C12P7/14 ,  C12P7/16 ,  C12P7/28 ,  C12P7/46 ,  C12P7/56 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  C12P2203/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  D21C3/04 ,  D21C3/06 ,  D21C3/20 ,  D21C5/00 ,  D21C5/005 ,  D21C9/002 ,  D21C9/007 ,  D21C9/10 ,  D21C11/0007 ,  D21H11/18 ,  Y02E50/16 ,  Y02P40/44

Abstract: Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity nanocellulose with surprisingly low mechanical energy input. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form nanofibrils and/or nanocrystals. The total mechanical energy may be less than 500 kilowatt-hours per ton. The crystallinity of the nanocellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. The nanocellulose material may include nanofibrillated cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, or both. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose material is hydrophobic via deposition of some lignin onto the cellulose surface. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the nanocellulose to form completely renewable composites.

Abstract translation: 所公开的方法能够将生物质转化成具有惊人的低机械能输入的高结晶度纳米纤维素。 在一些变型中，该方法包括用酸（例如二氧化硫），溶剂（例如乙醇）和水分解生物质，以产生富含纤维素的固体和含有半纤维素和木质素的液体; 并机械处理富含纤维素的固体以形成纳米原纤维和/或纳米晶体。 总机械能可能小于500千瓦时/吨。 纳米纤维素材料的结晶度可以为80％以上，转化为复合材料的良好的增强性能。 纳米纤维素材料可以包括纳米纤维化纤维素，纳米晶纤维素或两者。 在一些实施方案中，通过将一些木质素沉积在纤维素表面上，纳米纤维素材料是疏水的。 任选地，衍生自无定形纤维素和半纤维素的糖可以单独发酵，例如用于各种聚合物的单体。 这些聚合物可与纳米纤维素结合形成完全可再生的复合材料。