公开(公告)号：US4933550A

公开(公告)日：1990-06-12

申请号：US220021

申请日：1988-07-15

Applicant: Dennis J. Hegyi

Inventor： Dennis J. Hegyi

IPC: G01C1/00 ,  B60H1/00 ,  G01B11/00 ,  G01J1/02 ,  G01J1/06 ,  G01S3/783 ,  G01S3/787

CPC classification number: B60H1/0075 ,  G01J1/06 ,  G01S3/783 ,  G01S3/787

Abstract: A photodetector system for producing electrical signals responsive to the orientation of a light source, such as the sun, with respect thereto utilizes a diffuser to eliminate position-dependent sensitivities of the photocathode. The extent to which the diffuser or the photocathode itself is exposed to the incident radiation can be controlled by a shroud or by applying an absorptive coating in a predetermined pattern on an absorber cap, or on the diffuser directly. The shroud, by its configuration and its height above the photodetector, defines the range of angles of elevation and azimuth at which the diffuser can be illuminated. Such angles can also be controlled with printed or sprayed-on markings on the diffuser or absorber cover which form an opaque coating so as to prevent light transmission over predetermined regions. A fine dot pattern may be applied to the diffuser or the absorber cover, so that only partial transmission of the light can be achieved therethrough. The absorber cover may be provided with a light absorbing coloration or dye therethrough, and have a predetermined variation in thickness, so that the amount of light transmitted therethrough is responsive to the thickness at the point of incidence of the light.

公开(公告)号：US4804849A

公开(公告)日：1989-02-14

申请号：US3755

申请日：1987-01-16

Applicant: Charles R. Booth ,  Dale A. Kiefer

Inventor： Charles R. Booth ,  Dale A. Kiefer

IPC: G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/06 ,  G01J1/42 ,  G01N21/63 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N33/18 ,  G01N21/62

CPC classification number: G01N21/6486 ,  G01N21/8507 ,  G01N33/1866 ,  G01J1/0488 ,  G01J1/06 ,  G01J1/4228 ,  G01N2021/1782 ,  G01N2021/635 ,  G01N2201/0212 ,  G01N2201/0218 ,  G01N2201/0616

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for optically measuring scalar irradiance or incident flux of radiant energy and for optically measuring naturally occurring chlorophyll fluorescence or upwelling radiance in a parcel of water in a natural setting. From a comparison of the two measurements, rate of primary photosynthetic production is calculated by appropriately programmed computer means. Readout means are provided to indicate the rate of primary production. Further, concentrations of chlorophyll that generate the primary production are also determined by means of the apparatus of this invention. The method of this invention, employing measurement instruments of the type disclosed, enables the determination of concentrations of chlorophyll and primary production in parcels of water.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于光学测量辐射能量的标量辐照度或入射通量的装置，并用于在自然环境中光学测量一包水中的天然存在的叶绿素荧光或上升流辐射。 从两个测量的比较，初步光合生产率通过适当编程的计算机方法计算。 提供阅读手段来指示初级生产率。 此外，通过本发明的装置也可以确定产生初次生产的叶绿素的浓度。 使用所公开的类型的测量仪器的本发明的方法能够测定水中的叶绿素浓度和一次生产。

公开(公告)号：US4609820A

公开(公告)日：1986-09-02

申请号：US596706

申请日：1984-04-04

Applicant: Yoshihiro Miyamoto

Inventor： Yoshihiro Miyamoto

IPC: G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/06 ,  G01J5/06 ,  G01J5/28 ,  H01L31/0216 ,  G01J1/00

CPC classification number: G01J1/06 ,  G01J5/061 ,  H01L31/02164 ,  G01J2005/283 ,  Y10T428/24165

Abstract: An image sensing device is improved by an optical shield having a multi-aperture to provide high signal to noise ratio. The improved optical shield is provided with a plurality of shield elements forming a grid-like or cellular structure. With such a structure, the solid angle of the field of view for each sensing element becomes almost the same, resulting in the reduction of "shading". The distance between the heat shield and the array can be reduced, resulting in miniaturization of the device. Each sensing element is not shielded individually, so the pitch of the shield elements can be larger than that of the sensing elements, which allows easier and less costly fabrication of the shield.

Abstract translation: 通过具有多孔径的光屏蔽来改善图像感测装置以提供高的信噪比。 改进的光学屏蔽件设置有形成网格状或细胞结构的多个屏蔽元件。 利用这种结构，每个感测元件的视野的立体角变得几乎相同，导致“阴影”的减少。 可以减少隔热罩与阵列之间的距离，从而使装置小型化。 每个感测元件不被单独屏蔽，因此屏蔽元件的间距可以大于感测元件的间距，这允许更容易且更便宜地制造屏蔽件。

公开(公告)号：US4093384A

公开(公告)日：1978-06-06

申请号：US729523

申请日：1976-10-04

Applicant: Gerald D. Ferguson

Inventor： Gerald D. Ferguson

IPC: G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/06 ,  G01S7/481 ,  G01J3/48

CPC classification number: G01J1/06 ,  G01S7/4816 ,  G01J1/0411 ,  G01J1/0488

Abstract: A narrow angle, narrow bandwidth optical receiver system for detecting light rays reflected from a predetermined area illuminated by a laser beam having a known wavelength. A large collecting lens having a small field of view receives incoming reflected rays which are collimated by a pair of relay lenses having a narrow bandwidth, triple cavity, single element interference filter positoned therebetween. The filtered rays are processed by a photomultiplier tube and a CRT display to illustrate signals of interest within the illuminated area. An alternate embodiment provides a cone element to receive filtered rays from relay lenses for decreasing the size of the receiver system.

Abstract translation: 一种用于检测从具有已知波长的激光束照射的预定区域反射的光线的窄角度窄带宽光接收器系统。 具有小视场的大型收集透镜接收由一对具有窄带宽的三中继透镜准直的入射反射光线，三腔，单元干涉滤光器位于其间。 经过滤光的光线由光电倍增管和CRT显示器处理，以示出照明区域内的感兴趣的信号。 一个替代实施例提供一种锥形元件，用于接收来自中继透镜的滤波光线以减小接收器系统的尺寸。

公开(公告)号：US3942009A

公开(公告)日：1976-03-02

申请号：US500147

申请日：1974-08-23

Applicant: Allen L. Taylor

Inventor： Allen L. Taylor

IPC: G01J5/02 ,  G01J1/02 ,  G01J1/06 ,  G01J5/34 ,  G01T1/16

CPC classification number: G01J5/34 ,  G01J1/06

Abstract: A directional radiation detector having a pyroelectric sensing medium for responding to radiation and a directional screen formed of a panel with a plurality of axial passages that restrict the radiation viewing angle of the detector.

Abstract translation: 一种定向辐射探测器，具有用于响应辐射的热电传感介质和由具有限制检测器的辐射视角的多个轴向通道的面板形成的定向屏。

公开(公告)号：US3088037A

公开(公告)日：1963-04-30

申请号：US8046961

申请日：1961-01-03

Applicant: TE COMPANY

Inventor： CHARLES BAUM CUSTER

IPC: G01J5/08 ,  G02B6/04

CPC classification number: G01J1/06 ,  G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/0425

公开(公告)号：US2248758A

公开(公告)日：1941-07-08

申请号：US16922437

申请日：1937-10-15

Applicant: INT STANDARD ELECTRIC CORP

Inventor： EUGENE HIGONNET RENE ALPHONSE ,  MAURICE LUCAS ROBERT

IPC: G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/06

CPC classification number: G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/0477 ,  G01J1/06

公开(公告)号：US2227166A

公开(公告)日：1940-12-31

申请号：US17249137

申请日：1937-11-02

Applicant: FERDINAND TONNIES HANS

Inventor： FERDINAND TONNIES HANS

IPC: G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/06

CPC classification number: G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/0411 ,  G01J1/06

公开(公告)号：US20190137336A1

公开(公告)日：2019-05-09

申请号：US16237942

申请日：2019-01-02

Applicant: SPECTRAFY INC.

Inventor： VIKTAR TATSIANKOU ,  RICHARD BEAL

IPC: G01J3/36 ,  G01J1/04 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J1/06 ,  G01N21/53

CPC classification number: G01J3/36 ,  G01J1/0403 ,  G01J1/0411 ,  G01J1/0433 ,  G01J1/0474 ,  G01J1/0492 ,  G01J1/06 ,  G01J3/0202 ,  G01J3/0205 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/0262 ,  G01J2001/0481 ,  G01J2001/061 ,  G01J2001/4266 ,  G01J2003/1213 ,  G01J2003/2806 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/538 ,  G01N2201/0616 ,  G01N2201/065

Abstract: Solar spectral irradiance (SSI) measurements are important for solar collector/photovoltaic panel efficiency and solar energy resource assessment as well as being important for scientific meteorological/climate observations and material testing research. To date such measurements have exploited modified diffraction grating based scientific instruments which are bulky, expensive, and with low mechanical integrity for generalized deployment. A compact and cost-effective tool for accurately determining the global solar spectra as well as the global horizontal or tilted irradiances as part of on-site solar resource assessments and module performance characterization studies would be beneficial. An instrument with no moving parts for mechanical and environment stability in open field, non-controlled deployments could exploit software to resolve the global, direct and diffuse solar spectra from its measurements within the 280-4000 nm spectral range, in addition to major atmospheric processes, such as air mass, Rayleigh scattering, aerosol extinction, ozone and water vapour absorptions.

公开(公告)号：US20180313693A1

公开(公告)日：2018-11-01

申请号：US15769601

申请日：2016-10-20

Applicant: SPECTRAFY INC.

Inventor： VIKTAR TATSIANKOU ,  RICHARD BEAL

IPC: G01J3/36 ,  G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/06 ,  G01J3/02

CPC classification number: G01J3/36 ,  G01J1/0403 ,  G01J1/0411 ,  G01J1/0474 ,  G01J1/0492 ,  G01J1/06 ,  G01J3/0202 ,  G01J3/0205 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/0262 ,  G01J2001/061 ,  G01J2001/4266 ,  G01J2003/1213 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/538 ,  G01N2201/0616 ,  G01N2201/065

Abstract: Solar spectral irradiance (SSI) measurements are important for solar collector/photovoltaic panel efficiency and solar energy resource assessment as well as being important for scientific meteorological/climate observations and material testing research. To date such measurements have exploited modified diffraction grating based scientific instruments which are bulky, expensive, and with low mechanical integrity for generalized deployment. A compact and cost-effective tool for accurately determining the global solar spectra as well as the global horizontal or tilted irradiances as part of on-site solar resource assessments and module performance characterization studies would be beneficial. An instrument with no moving parts for mechanical and environment stability in open field, non-controlled deployments could exploit software to resolve the global, direct and diffuse solar spectra from its measurements within the 280-4000 nm spectral range, in addition to major atmospheric processes, such as air mass, Rayleigh scattering, aerosol extinction, ozone and water vapour absorptions.