Abstract:
The invention provides an emulsification technique which permits the formation of functional oil/water or functional granules/water emulsion systems excellent in thermal stability and long-term stability and which can attain the emulsification independent of required HLB of the functional oils, and the dispersion independent of surface properties of the functional granules. In the technique is used an emulsifying dispersant comprising, as the main component, vesicles formed from an amphiphilic substance capable of self-assembly or an emulsifying dispersant comprising single particles of a biopolymer as the main component. The particles made from amphiphilic substances capable of self-assembly are used. The amphiphilic substances are selected from among polyoxyethylene-hydrogenated castor oil derivatives represented by the general formula (1) wherein the average number of added ethylene oxide molecule is 5 to 15, dialkyldimethyl-ammonium halides wherein the chain length of the alkyl or alkenyl is 8 to 22, and phospholipids or phospholipid derivatives. According to the invention a three-phase structure composed of an aqueous phase, an emulsifying dispersant phase and an oil phase is formed on the surface of an emulsion to give an emulsion (such as emulsion fuel) excellent in thermal stability and long-term stability.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the use of specific quaternised nitrogen compounds which are also subjected to specific transesterification or amidation, as a fuel and lubricant additive or kerosene additive, such as in particular as a detergent additive, for decreasing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common rail injection systems, for decreasing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular of diesel engines having common rail injection systems, and for minimizing the power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines having common rail injection systems. The invention further relates to the use as an additive for petrol, in particular for operation of DISI engines.
Abstract:
A quaternary ammonium compound which is the reaction product of: (a) a tertiary amine having a molecular weight of less than 1000; (b) an acid-activated alkylating agent; and (c) a diacid including an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl moiety having at least (5) carbon atoms.
Abstract:
A diesel fuel composition comprising a performance enhancing additive, wherein the performance enhancing additive is the product of a Mannich reaction between: (a) an aldehyde; (b) a polyamine; and (c) an optionally substituted phenol; wherein the molar ratio of component (c) to component (b) in the reaction mixture used to prepare the performance enhancing additive is at least 1.5:1.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a device for dispensing a liquid additive into a fuel circulation circuit for an internal combustion engine, comprising a reservoir (12) of liquid additive allowing an additive to be distributed into the fuel circulation circuit by means of a distribution line (16), characterized in that it comprises an additive chamber (22) in communication with the fuel circulation circuit and at least one wall (32) that is mobile and fluidtight between said additive chamber and the additive reservoir which, on the one hand, provides a fluidtight division and, on the other hand, maintains equal pressure between the additive in the additive reservoir and the fuel in the additive chamber.
Abstract:
A diesel fuel composition comprising a performance enhancing additive, wherein the performance enhancing additive is the product of a Mannich reaction between: (a) an aldehyde; (b) a polyamine; and (c) an optionally substituted phenol; wherein the polyamine component (b) includes the moiety R1R2NCHR3CHR4NR5R6 wherein each of R1, R2 R3, R4, R5 and R6 is independently selected from hydrogen, and an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl substituent.
Abstract:
A liquid fuel composition containing (a) a diesel base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; and (b) one or more organic sunscreen compounds. The liquid fuel composition of the present invention provides benefits in terms of power output of a diesel engine, and modifying the ignition delay and/or modifying the burn period and/or increasing the cetane number of the liquid fuel composition.
Abstract:
An additive mixture for fuels including a) at least one N-formal, b) at least one antioxidant and c) at least one corrosion inhibitor. The additive mixture ensures that the additized fuels and lubricants have biocidal and corrosion-inhibiting additization, especially when they include proportions of renewable raw materials, such as biodiesel, and when they are in contact with copper-containing surfaces.
Abstract:
A compound useful for reducing fouling in a hydrocarbon refining process is provided. A method for preparing the compound includes hydrohalogenating a polymer having a vinyl chain end to obtain a halogen-containing terminal group, and reacting the terminal group with a polyamine. Methods of using the compound and compositions thereof are also provided.
Abstract:
Haze may be removed from a biofuel or biofuel intermediate by using a clarifier. The clarifier includes copolymer prepared using a formulation comprising an alpha olefin and maleic anhydride. The clarifier may also be used with admixtures of biofuels, biofuel intermediates, or biofuel feedstocks with conventional hydrocarbons.