Abstract:
This invention relates to a colorimeter with a light source which through a sample to be investigated illuminates a photoelectric transducer, the output of which is connected to a measuring device for measuring the intensity of the transmitted light. The light source is operated from a supply source which is effective to intermittently energize and de-energize the light source, the de-energized periods of the light source being at least as long as the energized periods.
Abstract:
Optical measuring apparatus for sampling material in which a first and a second samples of known concentration and a third sample of which concentration is unknown but in between those of the first and the second samples are intermittently introduced in this order into a flame, light beams which pass through the flame being detected by a detector which in turn produces a first, a second and a third electric signals corresponding to the concentrations of the first, second and third samples, the third electric signal being compared with the first and the second signals and thereafter introduced into an indicating means.
Abstract:
AN ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENT INCLUDING A FLAME SOURCE AND A DETECTION SYSTEM FOR THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE EMISSION OR ABSORPTION ANALYSIS OF A SAMPLE. THE SAMPLE IS ATOMIZED AND MIXED WITH AN APPROPRIATE FUEL GAS, AND THE MIXTURE IS LED THROUGH AN ANGULARLY DISPOSED BURNER BARREL TO A GRID FOR HOLDING THE FLAME. COMPRESSED AIR IS SUPPLIED TO THE ATOMIZER, AND A PORTION OF THE AIR IS DIRECTED TO A VENTURI NOZZLE WHICH IS CONNECTED TO A SUPPLY OF THE FUEL GAS. THE AIR IS EFFECTIVE TO DRAW THE FUEL GAS THROUGH THE VENTURI AND INTO THE ATOMIZER AT A SUBSTANTIALLY CONSTANT RATE IRRESPECTIVE OF PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS IN A GAS SUPPLY. THE INSTRUMENT ADDITIONALLY INCLUDES A SCREEN AND BAFFLE CONSTRUCTION WITHIN THE ANGULARLY EXTENDING BARREL WHICH IS EFFECTIVE TO DIRECT LARGE DROPLETS OF SAMPLE MATERIAL AWAY FROM THE BARREL INLETS.
Abstract:
An instrument employing the principle of flame emission spectrophotometry is provided to selectively monitor the mass concentration of Fe203 aerosol in animal exposure chambers. The instrument is calibrated over the range from 0.3 to 1.6 milligrams per cubic meter, and the maximum sensitivity is found to be about 3 micrograms of Fe203 aerosol per cubic meter of air.
Abstract:
A COMBINATION TEACHING AID AND MODULAR INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM IN WHICH A PLURALITY OF MODULES ARE PROVIDED, EACH HAVING A SEPARATE FUNCTION, AND IN WHICH THE DIFFERENT MODULES ARE ADAPTED TO BE PLACE TOGETHER IN DIFFERENT COMBINATION TO PROVIDE DIFFERENT OPTICAL ANALYSIS INSTRUMENTS. THE MODULES INCLUDE A LIGHT SOURCE FOR PROVIDING LIGHT, A DETECTOR MODULE FOR RECEIVING LIGHT WHICH HAS BEEN EXPOSED TO A SAMPLE COMPARTMENT MODULE WHICH RECEIVES ONE OR MORE SAMPLES TO BE ANALYZED, AND MAY INCLUDE DISPLAY MEANS IN THE FORM OF A METER OR THE LIKE FOR READING THE OUTPUT OF THE DETECTOR MODULE. THE COMBINATION MAY ALSO INCLUDE A MONOCHROMATOR UNIT FOR PROVIDING SUBSTANTIALLY MONOCHROMATIC LIGHT, AND A FILTER MODULE WHICH IS ADAPTED TO CONTAIN ONE OR MORE FILTERS THROUGH WHICH A LIGHT BEAM MAY BE PASSED FOR OBTAINING A BEAM OF DESIRED FREQUENCY. DIFFERENT ARRANEMENTS OF THE VARIOUS MODULES WILL PRODUCE A SPECTROPHOTOMETER, A FILTER PHOTOMETER, OR A NEPHELOMETER. THE DESCRIBED MODULE UNITS ARE ARRANGED SO THAT AT LEAST SOME OF THEM MAY BE DISPOSED ON A BASE AND OPTICALLY ALIGNED BY MEANS OF COMBINATION ADJUSTING AND CLAMPING MEANS, SO THAT THE UNITS MAY BE THERE AFTER MOVED, OR REPLACED AS DESIRED WITHOUT AFFECTING THE ALINGMENT THEREOF. THE DESCRIBED UNITS ARE CONSTRUCTED AND ARRANGED SO THAT ALL THE SIGNIFICANT OPERATIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF EACH MODULE MAY BE DIRECTLY OBSERVED BY THE STUDENT. THEREFORE, EACH MODULE IS ADAPTED TO PERFORM A MINIMUM NUMBER OF FUNCTIONS, AND THE MODULAR CONCEPT AND THE CONSTRUCTION FEATURES ARE USED AS A TEACHING AID USED TO EMPHASIZE THE RELATION BETWEEN VARIOUS SYSTEMS OF OPTICAL INSTRUMENTAL ANAYLSIS. THE FILTER COMPARTMENT MODULE AND THE SAMPLE COMPARTMENT MODULE INCLUDE HOLDER MEANS FOR HOLDING LIGHT FILTERS OR SAMPLE UNITS, AND THE HOLDER UNIT IS CONSTRUCTED SO AS TO FACILITATE INTERCHANGE OF SAMPLE HOLDERS AND FILTER UNITS, AND TO BE ADAPTED FOR USE WITHOUT CHANGE TO PERFORM DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS IN DIFFERENT INSTRUMENATAL COMBINATIONS.