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    Fluorometer with reference light source
    52.
    发明授权
    Fluorometer with reference light source 失效
    带参考光源的荧光计

    公开(公告)号：US4750837A

    公开(公告)日：1988-06-14

    申请号：US850933

    申请日：1986-04-11

    Applicant: Charles R. Gifford ,  Achille M. Bigliardi

    Inventor： Charles R. Gifford ,  Achille M. Bigliardi

    IPC: G01N33/58 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/25 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N33/536

    CPC classification number: G01N21/255 ,  G01N21/645 ,  G01N2021/6482 ,  G01N21/6428 ,  G01N2201/064 ,  G01N2201/0642 ,  G01N2201/0696 ,  G01N2201/0698 ,  G01N2201/082

    Abstract: There is disclosed herein a reference system for a fluorometer designed to detect very low levels of materials tagged with fluorophores. There is also disclosed an optical system for use in such a system which improves the signal to noise ratio. The reference system utilizes pulsed arc light excitation which excitation pulses are directed onto a flow cell containing the fluorescent dye. Fluorescent light emitted from the dye is guided to a photomultiplier tube which converts it to electrical pulses. A portion of each excitation light pulse is guided by a light pipe onto a PIN diode light detector which converts these light signals to electrical pulses. A LED reference light source is pulsed to generate a plurality of reference light pulses one of which occurs between each excitation pulse. A portion of each of these pulses is guided to each of the two light detectors and two more series of electrical pulses are generated. A microprocessor then reads the four electrical pulses resulting from each pair of light pulses and performs a computation on the resulting numbers which indicates the relative concentration of the target concentration being assayed. The optical system makes the excitation light pulses and the emitted light pulses to minimize the amount of scattered excitation light that gets into the emitted light optical channel and to control the location and size of the image projected onto the photomultiplier tube to stabilize its output signal. The light pipe and an output lens spatially integrates the image of the excitation light mask and focusses this light on the PIN diode so that the dancing image of the arc does not wander off the face of the PIN diode and destabilize its output signal. The action of the flow cell fluid contents spatially intergrates the fluorescent light thereby helping to stabilize the output of the photomultiplier tube.

    Abstract translation: 本文公开了一种用于检测用荧光团标记的非常低水平的材料的荧光计的参考系统。 还公开了一种用于这种提高信噪比的系统中的光学系统。 参考系统利用脉冲弧光激发，激发脉冲被引导到含有荧光染料的流动池上。 从染料发出的荧光被引导到光电倍增管，将其转换成电脉冲。 每个激发光脉冲的一部分由光管引导到PIN二极管光检测器上，PIN检测器将这些光信号转换成电脉冲。 LED参考光源被脉冲以产生多个参考光脉冲，其中一个发生在每个激励脉冲之间。 这些脉冲中的每一个的一部分被引导到两个光检测器中的每一个，并且产生两个更多的串联的电脉冲。 然后微处理器读取由每对光脉冲产生的四个电脉冲，并且对所得数字进行计算，这表明所测定的目标浓度的相对浓度。 光学系统使得激发光脉冲和发射的光脉冲最小化进入发射光通道的散射激发光的量并且控制投影到光电倍增管上的图像的位置和尺寸以稳定其输出信号。 光管和输出透镜在空间上对激发光掩模的图像进行空间积分，并将该光聚焦在PIN二极管上，使得电弧的跳舞图像不会从PIN二极管的表面漂移并使其输出信号失稳。 流动池流体内容物的作用在空间上整合荧光，从而有助于稳定光电倍增管的输出。

    Spectrophotometer with statistically balanced light for very high resolution
    54.
    发明授权
    Spectrophotometer with statistically balanced light for very high resolution 失效
    具有统计平衡光的分光光度计，分辨率非常高

    公开(公告)号：US4696570A

    公开(公告)日：1987-09-29

    申请号：US728295

    申请日：1985-04-29

    Applicant: A. Pierre Joliot ,  Daniel Beal

    Inventor： A. Pierre Joliot ,  Daniel Beal

    IPC: G01J1/16 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/42

    CPC classification number: G01J3/1838 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0216 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J1/1626 ,  G01J2001/161 ,  G01N2021/1748 ,  G01N2201/0696 ,  G01N2201/08

    Abstract: A flash tube (1) illuminates the inlet slit diaphragm of a monchromator illuminator (3) the outlet slit diaphragm of which is applied to an optical conductor (5) forming a statistically balanced derivation towards a measuring cell (6M) and a reference cell (6R). Quantic photodetectors (7M and 7R) measure respectively the light conveyed by the two cells. The electric signals obtained are amplified and digitalized, and a microcomputer (9) calculates the relation between the measuring signal (M) and the reference signal (R), other things being equal.

    Abstract translation: 闪光管（1）照亮单色荧光灯（3）的入口狭缝光阑，其出射狭缝光阑被施加到形成朝向测量单元（6M）和参考单元（6M）的统计平衡导数的光导体（5） 6R）。 语义光电探测器（7M和7R）分别测量由两个单元传输的光。 所获得的电信号被放大和数字化，并且微计算机（9）计算测量信号（M）和参考信号（R）之间的关系，其他情况相同。

    Process and apparatus for measuring optical density changes and transit times in transparent materials
    55.
    发明授权
    Process and apparatus for measuring optical density changes and transit times in transparent materials 失效
    用于测量透明材料中光密度变化和传输时间的方法和设备

    公开(公告)号：US4679936A

    公开(公告)日：1987-07-14

    申请号：US362421

    申请日：1982-03-26

    Applicant: Reinhold Gerharz

    Inventor： Reinhold Gerharz

    IPC: G01N21/25 ,  G01N21/41 ,  G01N21/59

    CPC classification number: G01N21/255 ,  G01N21/41 ,  G01N21/59 ,  G01N2201/0696

    Abstract: A recirculating optical/electronic closed loop feedback process and appars in which nanosecond light pulses are triggered by a pulse generator upon arrival of previous signals that have just completed a round trip through the closed loop feedback system. The optical path is comprised of a light source and a detector between which is mounted beam forming optics that guide the light beam from the light source through a transparent vessel having a semitransparent medium therein whose refractive index and/or transparencies are measured. The electronic portion is comprised of a pulse amplifier for amplifying the detected light beam that in turn is repetitively applied to a high rate pulse generator to retrigger the light source through a pulse counter that records the number of signal circulations which pass through the closed loop during a given time to indicate the change of transmissivity of said medium.

    Abstract translation: 一种循环光学/电子闭环反馈处理和装置，其中在刚刚通过闭环反馈系统完成往返行程的先前信号到达时，纳秒脉冲由脉冲发生器触发。 光路由光源和检测器组成，其间安装有光束形成光学器件，其将来自光源的光束引导通过其中测量折射率和/或透明度的透明介质的透明容器。 电子部分包括用于放大检测到的光束的脉冲放大器，该脉冲放大器又被重复地施加到高速率脉冲发生器，以通过脉冲计数器重新触发光源，脉冲计数器记录通过闭环的信号循环的数量 给定时间以指示所述介质的透射率的变化。

    Method of and apparatus for imaging surface of object at high temperature
    56.
    发明授权
    Method of and apparatus for imaging surface of object at high temperature 失效
    高温物体表面成像方法及设备

    公开(公告)号：US4641036A

    公开(公告)日：1987-02-03

    申请号：US652946

    申请日：1984-09-21

    Applicant: Jiro Ohno ,  Hirokatsu Yashiro

    Inventor： Jiro Ohno ,  Hirokatsu Yashiro

    IPC: C21B7/24 ,  B21C51/00 ,  G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G03B15/00 ,  G01N21/00

    CPC classification number: G01N21/314 ,  G01N21/21 ,  G01N2201/0696

    Abstract: A method of imaging the surface of an object at high temperature includes the steps of: irradiating the surface of a high-temperature object with two different kinds of pulses of monochromatic light of a fundamental wave and a harmonic thereof; passing the reflected light from the surface of the object through both an interference filter which allows only the two different kinds of monochromatic light to pass and a high-speed optical switch thereby to remove any background light component; drawing out only the reflected light of the pulses and leading the same to an image generating mechanism where it is converted into an image; and controlling the voltage applied to the high-speed optical switch thereby to adjust the mixing ratio between two wavelengths. Also disclosed is an apparatus for imaging the surface of an object at high temperature which includes: a light pulse generator provided such as to be opposed to high-temperature object; and an interference filter, a half-mirror, a high-speed optical switch and an image generating mechanism which are successively disposed on the optical axis of the reflected light from the object.

    Abstract translation: 一种在高温下成像物体的表面的方法包括以下步骤：用基波的单色光和谐波的两种不同种类的脉冲照射高温物体的表面; 使来自物体表面的反射光通过仅允许两种不同种类的单色光通过的干涉滤光片和高速光学开关，从而去除任何背景光分量; 仅画出脉冲的反射光并将其引导到图像生成机构，并将其转换为图像; 并控制施加到高速光开关的电压，从而调节两个波长之间的混合比。 还公开了一种用于在高温下成像物体的表面的装置，其包括：设置成与高温物体相对的光脉冲发生器; 以及连续地设置在来自物体的反射光的光轴上的干涉滤光器，半反射镜，高速光开关和图像生成机构。

    Minimizing the effect of spurious photodetector currents in flash spectrofluorimetry
    57.
    发明授权
    Minimizing the effect of spurious photodetector currents in flash spectrofluorimetry 失效
    最小化闪光分光荧光法中杂散光电检测器电流的影响

    公开(公告)号：US4438329A

    公开(公告)日：1984-03-20

    申请号：US373072

    申请日：1982-04-29

    Applicant: Michael A. Ford ,  Brian B. Leather

    Inventor： Michael A. Ford ,  Brian B. Leather

    IPC: G01N21/64

    CPC classification number: G01N21/64 ,  G01N2201/0696

    Abstract: The vitiating effect on the fluorescence measuring signal of extraneous currents flowing through the fluorescence detection means in flash spectrofluorimetry is almost completely eliminated by integrating the output of the fluorescence measuring means for the duration of the signal period, which includes a flash duration, and again for an equal period occurring between flashes which therefore does not include a flash duration. The second integral is then subtracted from the first to obtain a fluorescence measuring signal substantially unaffected by extraneous currents, such as dark current, sample phosphorescence, etc. The invention is applicable to single- and double-channel operation. In the latter, in addition to the fluorescence measuring channel there is provided a fluorescence reference channel. This enables the fluorescence measuring signal and the fluorescence reference signal to be ratioed together, the effect of extraneous currents having first been eliminated in both.

    Abstract translation: 在闪光分光荧光测定法中流经荧光检测装置的外来电流的荧光测量信号的荧光测量信号几乎完全消除，在信号周期的持续时间内积分荧光测量装置的输出，其包括闪光持续时间，并再次为 在闪光之间发生相等的时间段，因此不包括闪光持续时间。 然后从第一积分中减去第二积分，以获得基本上不受诸如暗电流，样品磷光等的外来电流的影响的荧光测量信号。本发明可应用于单通道和双通道操作。 在后者中，除了荧光测量通道之外，还提供了荧光参考通道。 这使得荧光测量信号和荧光参考信号能够一起比较，两者中首先消除了外部电流的影响。

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