Abstract:
A focusing X-ray crystal monochromator in which one or more crystal layers having different spacings of lattice plane are stacked on a crystal base. Due to different spacings of lattice plane, the angle of reflection and diffraction of a diverging incident X-ray beam can be so changed that the beam takes a parallel or focusing direction for monochromatization. Thus, the monochromator of the present invention can be applied to the X-ray lithography for transferring a pattern of high resolution or the X-ray analysis such as the fine X-ray diffraction.
Abstract:
This invention provides an artificial monochromator crystal for efficiently selecting a narrow band of neutron wavelengths from a neutron beam having a Maxwellian wavelength distribution, by providing on a substrate a plurality of germanium layers, and alternate periodic layers of a different metal having tailored thicknesses, shapes, and volumetric and neutron scattering densities.
Abstract:
A method includes simulating diffraction in a transmission geometry of relativistic electron bunches from a crystallographic structure of a crystal thereby simulating diffraction of the relativistic electron bunches into a plurality of Bragg peaks. The method includes selecting a range of angles between a direction of propagation of the relativistic electron bunches and a normal direction of crystal including an angle at which a diffraction portion is maximized. The method includes sequentially accelerating a plurality of physical electron bunches to relativistic energies toward a physical crystal having the crystallographic structure and diffracting the plurality of physical electron bunches off the physical crystal at different angles and measuring the diffraction portion into the respective Bragg peak at the different angles. The method includes selecting a final angle based on the measured diffraction portion into the respective Bragg peak at the different angles and generating a pulse of light.
Abstract:
A multilayer mirror for reflecting Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) radiation and a method for producing the same are disclosed. In an embodiment a multilayer mirror includes a layer sequence having a plurality of alternating first layers and second layers, the first layers including lanthanum or a lanthanum compound and the second layers including boron, wherein the second layers are doped with carbon, and wherein a molar fraction of carbon in the second layers is 10% or less.
Abstract:
A collector for a projection exposure apparatus for microlithography comprises a plurality of reflective sections which are embodied and arranged in such a way that they can be impinged upon during the focusing of radiation from a first focus into a second focus with angles of impingement in a predefined angular spectrum.
Abstract:
A pellicle that includes graphene is constructed and arranged for an EUV reticle. A multilayer mirror includes graphene as an outermost layer.
Abstract:
A lithographic apparatus includes a radiation source configured to produce a radiation beam, and a support configured to support a patterning device. The patterning device is configured to impart the radiation beam with a pattern to form a patterned radiation beam. A chamber is located between the radiation source and patterning device. The chamber contains at least one optical component configured to reflect the radiation beam, and is configured to permit radiation from the radiation source to pass therethrough. A membrane is configured to permit the passage of the radiation beam, and to prevent the passage of contamination particles through the membrane. A particle trapping structure is configured to permit gas to flow along an indirect path from inside the chamber to outside the chamber. The indirect path is configured to substantially prevent the passage of contamination particles from inside the chamber to outside the chamber.
Abstract:
A mammograph is provided. The mammograph includes a source of X-rays; a detector of X-rays, the source being configured to emit at least one beam of X-rays to the detector; and an optic control device configured to control the direction of X-rays emitted by the source such that the X-rays emitted by the source are substantially parallel to one another.
Abstract:
A transmissive spectral purity filter is configured to transmit extreme ultraviolet radiation. The spectral purity filter includes a filter part having a plurality of apertures configured to transmit extreme ultraviolet radiation and to suppress transmission of a second type of radiation. Each aperture has been manufactured by an anisotropic etching process.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an improved EUV reflecting element comprising a) a first layer essentially made out of a highly reflective material b) a second layer having a thickness of ≦5 nm and essentially made out of a material with a sputter resistance of ≦10 nm per 108 shots and whereby the second layer is provided in the path of the incident and/or reflected EUV light.