公开(公告)号：US20160138218A1

公开(公告)日：2016-05-19

申请号：US14944861

申请日：2015-11-18

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Jean-Pierre MONCLIN

IPC: D21B1/02 ,  C08B15/08 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C13K1/02

CPC classification number: D21B1/023 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  C13K1/02

Abstract: A wet process for cleaning biomass is disclosed, comprising: introducing biomass feedstock to a vibrating separator, to generate an overflow stream and an underflow stream, wherein the overflow stream comprises biomass and large grit, and wherein the underflow stream comprises fines and small grit; introducing the overflow stream to a kinetic separator, to generate an intermediate biomass stream and a large-grit stream; introducing the underflow stream and elutriation water to a hydroclone separator, to generate a wet biomass-fines stream and a small-grit stream; separating water contained in the wet biomass-fines stream and recycling it as elutriation water, to generate a biomass fines stream; and combining the biomass fines stream with the intermediate biomass stream, thereby generating clean biomass. An alternative embodiment for a dry process to clean biomass is also disclosed. The clean biomass may be used in a wide variety of biorefining processes.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于清洁生物质的湿法，其包括：将生物质原料引入到振动分离器中，以产生溢流和底流，其中所述溢流流包括生物质和大砂粒，并且其中所述下溢流包括细粒和小砂粒; 将溢出流引入动力学分离器以产生中间生物质流和大粒子流; 将下溢流和淘析水引入水力旋流分离器，以产生湿生物质 - 细粒料流和小粒料流; 分离湿生物质 - 细粒料流中所含的水并将其再循环作为淘析水，以产生生物质细粒料流; 并将生物质细粒料流与中间生物质流混合，由此产生清洁的生物质。 还公开了用于清洁生物质的干法的替代实施方案。 清洁的生物质可以用于各种各样的生物精制过程。

公开(公告)号：US20160122515A1

公开(公告)日：2016-05-05

申请号：US14923131

申请日：2015-10-26

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Basil Evangelo KARAMPELAS

IPC: C08L1/04 ,  C08K3/36 ,  C08K3/06 ,  C08L97/00 ,  C08K3/04

CPC classification number: C08L1/04 ,  B60C1/00 ,  B60C1/0016 ,  C08L5/14 ,  C08L97/005 ,  C09D197/005

Abstract: The present invention provides an automotive tire containing from 0.1 wt % to 50 wt % hydrophobic nanocellulose. Hydrophobic nanocellulose may include lignin-coated nanocellulose and/or a chemically modified surface to increase hydrophobicity. The nanocellulose may include cellulose nanofibrils and/or cellulose nanocrystals. The nanocellulose may be introduced into tire components such as inner liner, body ply, sidewall, beads, apex, belts, treads, cushion gum, and textile fabric. The nanocellulose may be obtained from a biomass-fractionation process utilizing an acid catalyst, a solvent for lignin, and water to generate a lignin-containing nanocellulose precursor, followed by mechanical treatment of the nanocellulose precursor to produce the nanocellulose. For example, the nanocellulose may be obtained from the AVAP® process. The tire may further include one or more additional components derived from lignocellulosic biomass. For example, the tire may contain lignin-derived carbon black, lignin-derived antioxidants, biomass-derived silica. The tire may also contain synthetic polymers derived from biomass sugars.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供一种含有0.1重量％至50重量％疏水性纳米纤维素的汽车轮胎。 疏水性纳米纤维素可以包括木质素包被的纳米纤维素和/或化学改性的表面以增加疏水性。 纳米纤维素可以包括纤维素纳米原纤维和/或纤维素纳米晶体。 纳米纤维素可以被引入轮胎部件，例如内衬，主体帘布层，侧壁，珠，顶点，皮带，胎面，缓冲胶和​​织物中。 纳米纤维素可以从利用酸催化剂，木质素溶剂和水的生物质分馏方法获得，以产生含木质素的纳米纤维素前体，然后机械处理纳米纤维素前体以产生纳米纤维素。 例如，纳米纤维素可以从AVAP工艺获得。 轮胎还可包括一种或多种源自木质纤维素生物质的附加组分。 例如，轮胎可以含有来自木质素的炭黑，来自木质素的抗氧化剂，生物质衍生的二氧化硅。 轮胎还可以含有衍生自生物质糖的合成聚合物。

公开(公告)号：US20160002689A1

公开(公告)日：2016-01-07

申请号：US14853431

申请日：2015-09-14

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Theodora RETSINA ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN

IPC: C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14

CPC classification number: C12P19/02 ,  C08B37/0003 ,  C08B37/0057 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C13K1/02 ,  C13K13/00 ,  F23G5/04

Abstract: A method for the production of alcohol and other bioproducts hemicelluloses extracted from biomass prior to thermal conversion of the biomass to energy. The process can be integrated with the host plant process to minimize the energy loss from extracting hemicelluloses. Also disclosed is a Stepwise enzymatic break down of cellulose fibers from a pulping operation which is performed with the redeployment of equipment and vessels contained within typical existing pulp and paper manufacturing mills. The preferred feedstock is highly delignified pulp from acid or alkaline pulping process or from bleaching stage.

Abstract translation: 在将生物质热转化为能量之前，从生物质中提取的乙醇和其他生物产物半纤维素的生产方法。 该过程可以与宿主植物过程相结合，以最小化提取半纤维素的能量损失。 还公开了从制浆操作中逐步酶分解纤维素纤维，其通过重新部署典型的现有纸浆和造纸厂中所含的设备和容器进行。 优选的原料是来自酸或碱性制浆过程或漂白阶段的高脱木素纸浆。

公开(公告)号：US20150368541A1

公开(公告)日：2015-12-24

申请号：US14743779

申请日：2015-06-18

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Jean-Pierre MONCLIN ,  Kimberly NELSON ,  Theodora RETSINA

IPC: C09K8/32 ,  C09K8/68 ,  C09K8/82 ,  C09K8/80 ,  C09K8/10

CPC classification number: C09K8/32 ,  C09K8/035 ,  C09K8/10 ,  C09K8/64 ,  C09K8/68 ,  C09K8/685 ,  C09K8/80 ,  C09K8/82 ,  C09K8/88 ,  C09K8/887 ,  C09K8/90 ,  C09K2208/08 ,  C09K2208/10

Abstract: This disclosure provides drilling fluids and additives as well as fracturing fluids and additives that contain cellulose nanofibers and/or cellulose nanocrystals. In some embodiments, hydrophobic nanocellulose is provided which can be incorporated into oil-based fluids and additives. These water-based or oil-based fluids and additives may further include lignosulfonates and other biomass-derived components. Also, these water-based or oil-based fluids and additives may further include enzymes. The drilling and fracturing fluids and additives described herein may be produced using the AVAP® process technology to produce a nanocellulose precursor, followed by low-energy refining to produce nanocellulose for incorporation into a variety of drilling and fracturing fluids and additives.

公开(公告)号：US20150275237A1

公开(公告)日：2015-10-01

申请号：US14663437

申请日：2015-03-19

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Theodora RETSINA ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN

IPC: C12P7/18 ,  C12P7/14

CPC classification number: C12P7/18 ,  C12P7/10 ,  C12P7/14 ,  C12P2203/00 ,  Y02E50/16 ,  Y02E50/17

Abstract: What is disclosed is a biorefining process to co-produce xylitol with ethanol or other products. In some variations, a process for producing ethanol and xylitol from lignocellulosic biomass, comprises: extracting hemicelluloses from lignocellulosic biomass, wherein the hemicelluloses include xylose oligomers and other sugar oligomers; hydrolyzing the xylose oligomers and the other sugar oligomers, using an acid catalyst or enzymes, to generate xylose and other sugar monomers, respectively; fermenting the other sugar monomers to ethanol using a suitable ethanol-producing microorganism; removing at least some of the ethanol (to increase concentration of xylose); fermenting the xylose to xylitol using a suitable xylitol-producing microorganism; and recovering the xylitol at high concentration.

Abstract translation: 公开的是用乙醇或其他产物共同生产木糖醇的生物精制方法。 在一些变型中，从木质纤维素生物质生产乙醇和木糖醇的方法包括：从木质纤维素生物质中提取半纤维素，其中所述半纤维素包括木糖低聚物和其它糖低聚物; 使用酸催化剂或酶水解木糖低聚物和其它糖低聚物以分别产生木糖和其它糖单体; 使用合适的乙醇生产微生物将其他糖单体发酵成乙醇; 去除至少一些乙醇（以增加木糖的浓度）; 使用合适的产生木糖醇的微生物将木糖发酵成木糖醇; 并以高浓度回收木糖醇。

公开(公告)号：US20140155301A1

公开(公告)日：2014-06-05

申请号：US14092908

申请日：2013-11-27

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Kimberly NELSON ,  Theodora RETSINA ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN ,  Ryan O'CONNOR

IPC: C08B15/08 ,  C08L1/02

CPC classification number: C08B15/08 ,  C07G1/00 ,  C08B15/00 ,  C08B15/02 ,  C08B37/0057 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C08L1/02 ,  C12P7/04 ,  C12P7/10 ,  C12P7/14 ,  C12P7/16 ,  C12P7/28 ,  C12P7/46 ,  C12P7/56 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  C12P2203/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  D21C3/04 ,  D21C3/06 ,  D21C3/20 ,  D21C5/00 ,  D21C5/005 ,  D21C9/002 ,  D21C9/007 ,  D21C9/10 ,  D21C11/0007 ,  D21H11/18 ,  Y02E50/16 ,  Y02P40/44

Abstract: Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity nanocellulose with surprisingly low mechanical energy input. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form nanofibrils and/or nanocrystals. The total mechanical energy may be less than 500 kilowatt-hours per ton. The crystallinity of the nanocellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. The nanocellulose material may include nanofibrillated cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, or both. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose material is hydrophobic via deposition of some lignin onto the cellulose surface. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the nanocellulose to form completely renewable composites.

公开(公告)号：US20140150334A1

公开(公告)日：2014-06-05

申请号：US14173332

申请日：2014-02-05

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Theodora RETSINA ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN

IPC: C10L5/44 ,  C12P19/02 ,  F23G7/10 ,  C12P19/14

CPC classification number: C10L5/44 ,  C08B37/0057 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C13K13/007 ,  F23G7/10 ,  F23G7/105 ,  F23G2900/50206 ,  Y02E50/10 ,  Y02E50/15 ,  Y02E50/16 ,  Y02E50/30 ,  Y02P20/136

Abstract: This invention provides processes to convert biomass into energy-dense biomass for combustion, alone or in combination with another solid fuel. Some embodiments provide processes for producing energy-dense biomass from cellulosic biomass, comprising extracting the feedstock with steam and/or hot water to produce an extract liquor containing hemicellulosic oligomers, dissolved lignin, and cellulose-rich solids; separating the extract liquor, to produce dewatered cellulose-rich solids; hydrolyzing the dewatered cellulose-rich solids, thereby removing a portion of the cellulose, to produce intermediate solids (with higher energy density) and a hydrolysate; drying the intermediate solids to produce energy-dense biomass; and optionally recovering fermentable sugars from the hydrolysate. The energy-dense biomass may be pelletized into biomass pellets, which may have a similar energy density as torrefied pellets from wood. The hemicellulosic oligomers may be further hydrolyzed to produce additional fermentable sugars. The fermentable sugars may be fermented to ethanol or another product.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了将生物质转化为能量密集生物质用于燃烧的方法，单独或与另一种固体燃料组合。 一些实施方案提供了用于从纤维素生物质生产能量密度生物质的方法，包括用蒸汽和/或热水萃取原料以产生含有半纤维素低聚物，溶解的木质素和富含纤维素的固体的提取液; 分离萃取液，产生脱水的富含纤维素的固体; 水解脱水的富含纤维素的固体，从而除去一部分纤维素，以产生中等固体（具有较高的能量密度）和水解产物; 干燥中间体固体以产生能量密集的生物质; 并任选地从水解产物中回收可发酵的糖。 能量密度生物质可以被造粒成生物质颗粒，其可以具有与来自木材的焙烧颗粒相似的能量密度。 半纤维素低聚物可进一步水解以产生额外的可发酵糖。 可发酵糖可以发酵成乙醇或其他产品。

公开(公告)号：US20140096923A1

公开(公告)日：2014-04-10

申请号：US14044790

申请日：2013-10-02

Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

Inventor： Theodora RETSINA ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN ,  Steven R. RUTHERFORD

IPC: D21C3/26 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C08B1/00

CPC classification number: D21C3/22 ,  C08B1/00 ,  C08B37/0057 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C12P7/10 ,  C12P7/16 ,  C12P7/54 ,  C12P7/56 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C13K1/02 ,  D21B1/02 ,  D21B1/021 ,  D21C1/02 ,  D21C3/02 ,  D21C3/08 ,  D21C3/20 ,  D21C3/222 ,  D21C3/26 ,  D21C9/02 ,  D21C11/0007 ,  D21H11/00 ,  Y02E50/16

Abstract: The GreenBox+ technology is suitable to extract hemicellulose sugars prior to pulping of biomass into pulp products. The revenue obtainable from the sugar stream can significantly improve the economics of a pulp and paper mill. An initial extraction and recovery of sugars is followed by production of a pulp product with similar or better properties. Other co-products such as acetates and furfural are also possible. Some variations provide a process for co-producing pulp and hemicellulosic sugars from biomass, comprising: digesting the biomass in the presence of steam and/or hot water to extract hemicellulose into a liquid phase; washing the extracted solids, thereby generating a liquid wash filtrate and washed solids; separating the liquid wash filtrate from the washed solids; refining the washed solids at a refining pH of about 4 or higher, thereby generating pulp; and hydrolyzing the hemicellulose to generate hemicellulosic fermentable sugars.

公开(公告)号：US20130244291A1

公开(公告)日：2013-09-19

申请号：US13829355

申请日：2013-03-14

Applicant: API INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HOLDINGS, LLC

Inventor： Theodora RETSINA ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN

IPC: C13K13/00 ,  F23G7/10

CPC classification number: C10L5/44 ,  C08B37/0057 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C13K13/007 ,  F23G7/10 ,  F23G7/105 ,  F23G2900/50206 ,  Y02E50/10 ,  Y02E50/15 ,  Y02E50/16 ,  Y02E50/30 ,  Y02P20/136

Abstract: This invention provides processes to convert biomass into energy-dense biomass for combustion, alone or in combination with another solid fuel. Some embodiments provide processes for producing fermentable sugars and energy-dense biomass from cellulosic biomass, comprising extracting the feedstock with steam and/or hot water to produce an extract liquor containing hemicellulosic oligomers, dissolved lignin, and cellulose-rich solids; separating the extract liquor, to produce dewatered cellulose-rich solids; hydrolyzing the dewatered cellulose-rich solids, thereby removing a portion of the cellulose, to produce intermediate solids (with higher energy density) and a hydrolysate; drying the intermediate solids to produce energy-dense biomass; and recovering fermentable sugars from the hydrolysate. The energy-dense biomass may be pelletized into biomass pellets, which may have a similar energy density as torrefied pellets from wood. The hemicellulosic oligomers may be further hydrolyzed to produce additional fermentable sugars. The fermentable sugars may be fermented to ethanol or another product.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了将生物质转化为能量密集生物质用于燃烧的方法，单独或与另一种固体燃料组合。 一些实施方案提供了用于从纤维素生物质生产可发酵糖和能量密度生物质的方法，包括用蒸汽和/或热水萃取原料以产生含有半纤维素低聚物，溶解的木质素和富含纤维素的固体的提取液; 分离萃取液，产生脱水的富含纤维素的固体; 水解脱水的富含纤维素的固体，从而除去一部分纤维素，以产生中等固体（具有较高的能量密度）和水解产物; 干燥中间体固体以产生能量密集的生物质; 并从水解产物中回收可发酵糖。 能量密度生物质可以被造粒成生物质颗粒，其可以具有与来自木材的焙烧颗粒相似的能量密度。 半纤维素低聚物可进一步水解以产生额外的可发酵糖。 可发酵糖可以发酵成乙醇或其他产品。

公开(公告)号：US20130244290A1

公开(公告)日：2013-09-19

申请号：US13829237

申请日：2013-03-14

Applicant: API INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HOLDINGS, LLC

Inventor： Theodora Retsina ,  Vesa Pylkkanen

IPC: C08B1/00 ,  C12P19/14

CPC classification number: C05F17/00 ,  C08B1/003 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C10L5/44 ,  C10L2290/08 ,  C10L2290/10 ,  C10L2290/544 ,  C12P7/06 ,  C12P7/10 ,  C12P7/16 ,  C12P7/54 ,  C12P7/56 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  F23G7/12 ,  Y02E50/10 ,  Y02E50/16 ,  Y02E50/17 ,  Y02E50/30 ,  Y02P20/145 ,  Y02W30/43

Abstract: This invention provides processes and apparatus to convert biomass, including wood and agricultural residues, into low-ash biomass pellets for combustion, alone or in combination with another solid fuel. Some embodiments provide processes for producing hemicellulosic sugars and low-ash biomass from cellulosic biomass, comprising providing an aqueous extraction solution with acetic acid; extracting the feedstock to produce an extract liquor containing soluble ash, hemicellulosic oligomers, acetic acid, dissolved lignin, and cellulose-rich solids; dewatering and drying the cellulose-rich, lignin-rich solids to produce a low-ash biomass; hydrolyzing the hemicellulosic oligomers to produce fermentable hemicellulosic sugars, wherein additional acetic acid is generated; removing a vapor stream comprising vaporized acetic acid from the extract; recycling the vapor or its condensate to provide some starting acetic acid for the extraction solution; and recovering fermentable hemicellulosic sugars. The disclosed processes can produce clean power from biomass. Co-products include fermentation products such as ethanol, fertilizers, and lignin.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了将生物质（包括木材和农业残余物）转化为低灰分生物质颗粒以用于燃烧，单独或与另一种固体燃料组合的方法和装置。 一些实施方案提供了从纤维素生物质制备半纤维素糖和低灰分生物质的方法，其包括用乙酸提供水提取溶液; 提取原料以产生含有可溶性灰分，半纤维素低聚物，乙酸，溶解的木质素和富含纤维素的固体的提取液; 脱水和干燥富含纤维素的木质素固体以产生低灰分生物质; 水解半纤维素低聚物以产生可发酵的半纤维素糖，其中产生另外的乙酸; 从提取物中除去包含蒸发的乙酸的蒸气流; 回收蒸气或其冷凝物，为提取溶液提供一些起始乙酸; 并回收可发酵的半纤维素糖。 所公开的方法可以从生物质产生清洁的动力。 共同产品包括发酵产品如乙醇，肥料和木质素。