公开(公告)号：US5789741A

公开(公告)日：1998-08-04

申请号：US740592

申请日：1996-10-31

Applicant: Malcolm L. Kinter ,  James L. Beck

Inventor： Malcolm L. Kinter ,  James L. Beck

IPC: G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01J5/30 ,  H01J40/14

CPC classification number: G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/50

Abstract: An agricultural implement (for example, a spray device) differentiates living plants growing in a field from background materials (such as soil) by detecting a change in slope of a reflectance characteristic of objects in a field of view. By using a change in slope of the reflectance characteristic, a small percentage of living plant material in the field of view can be detected and the agricultural implement need not be calibrated to a particular background material. In some embodiments, if the change in slope is determined to exceed a predetermined threshold amount, then it is determined that a weed likely exists in the field of view and a solenoid-operated spray valve is opened at the appropriate time to spray the entire area (including the weed) that was in the field of view with herbicide.

Abstract translation: 农业工具（例如，喷雾装置）通过检测在视场中的物体的反射特性的斜率的变化来区分野外生长的植物与背景材料（例如土壤）。 通过使用反射率特性的斜率变化，可以检测到在视野中的生物植物材料的一小部分，并且不需要对特定背景材料校准农具。 在一些实施例中，如果确定斜率的变化超过预定的阈值量，则确定在视野中可能存在杂草，并且在适当的时间打开电磁操作的喷雾阀以喷射整个区域 （包括杂草）在除草剂领域。

公开(公告)号：US5703365A

公开(公告)日：1997-12-30

申请号：US545580

申请日：1995-11-20

Applicant: Yoshio Ishihara ,  Hiroshi Masusaki ,  Shang-Qian Wu ,  Koh Matsumoto

Inventor： Yoshio Ishihara ,  Hiroshi Masusaki ,  Shang-Qian Wu ,  Koh Matsumoto

IPC: G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N21/35

CPC classification number: G01N21/39 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01N2021/399 ,  G01N21/3554

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and method for measuring an impurity in a trace concentration in a gas to be measured by means of infrared spectroscopic analysis employing a diode laser. In order to carry out analysis with high sensitivity and high accuracy, the gas to be measured is directed into sample cell 5 and placed in a low pressure state by means of pump 16. Infrared light from the wavelength region in which strong absorption peaks from the impurity can be obtained are oscillated from the diode laser 1, and a derivative absorption spectrum is measured by passing the infrared rays through sample cell 5 and reference cell 8 which is filled with the impurity alone. The spectrum for the gas to be measured and the spectrum for the impurity alone are compared, and the impurity is identified by confirming a plurality of absorption peaks originating from the impurity. Determination of the impurity is then carried out from absorption intensity of the strongest peak. In the case where molecules of the gaseous impurity form clusters in the gas to be measured, analysis is carried while dissociating the clusters by irradiating light having a photon energy of 0.5 eV or greater. The present invention is particularly suitable for carrying out analysis of trace quantities of impurities present in the gases which are used as materials for semiconductor manufacturing.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / JP95 / 00523 Sec。 371日期：1995年11月20日 102（e）1995年11月20日日期PCT 1995年3月22日PCT公布。 公开号WO95 / 26497 日期：1995年10月5日本发明涉及通过使用二极管激光器的红外光谱分析来测量要测量的气体中的微量浓度的杂质的装置和方法。 为了以高灵敏度和高精度进行分析，将待测量的气体引入样品池5中，并通过泵16置于低压状态。来自波长区域的红外光来自 可以获得从二极管激光器1振荡的杂质，并且通过使红外线通过单独填充有杂质的样品池5和参考电池8来测量衍生吸收光谱。 比较待测气体的光谱和单独的杂质的光谱，通过确认源自杂质的多个吸收峰来鉴定杂质。 然后从最强峰的吸收强度进行杂质测定。 在气体杂质的分子在待测量的气体中聚集的情况下，通过照射光子能量为0.5eV以上的光来解离簇，进行分析。 本发明特别适用于对用作半导体制造材料的气体中存在的微量杂质进行分析。

公开(公告)号：US4997280A

公开(公告)日：1991-03-05

申请号：US413063

申请日：1989-09-27

Applicant: Karl Norris

Inventor： Karl Norris

IPC: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/433

CPC classification number: G01J3/2889 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01J2003/2876 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/4738

Abstract: In a spectrophotometric instrument, a system is provided to correct for distortion caused by rapid scanning of the spectrum. In the instrument, photodetectors detect light energy which is scanned through a spectrum at a rapid rate. An amplifier amplifies the output signal generated by the photodetectors. The output signal of the amplifier is sampled at increments and the samples are converted to digital values. A first derivative is determined from the digital values by subtracting from each value the value from the preceding increment. The first derivative values are multiplied times a constant selected to correct for the distortion and the resulting product values are added to the amplitude digital values to provide a set of corrected values representing the intensity detected by the photodetectors.

公开(公告)号：US4759630A

公开(公告)日：1988-07-26

申请号：US891132

申请日：1986-07-31

Applicant: Kunio Yuasa ,  Haruo Sugiyama ,  Masao Nagai ,  Kunihiko Kihara ,  Takao Akaishi ,  Yasushi Tsujihara

Inventor： Kunio Yuasa ,  Haruo Sugiyama ,  Masao Nagai ,  Kunihiko Kihara ,  Takao Akaishi ,  Yasushi Tsujihara

IPC: H01K3/00 ,  G01J3/00 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/457 ,  G01N21/67 ,  H01K3/30

CPC classification number: G01J3/2889 ,  G01J3/457 ,  G01N21/67 ,  G01J3/433

Abstract: The invention is a lamp quality judgement apparatus and judgement method which judge quality by detecting the state of gas sealed in an electric lamp such as a gas-filled incandescent lamp, etc. in which gas with an Argon-Nitrogen mixture as its main component is sealed. More particularly, a lamp in which such gas is sealed is classified as a good product or as a bad product by imposing a high DC voltage or a high AC or pulsed voltage with a comparatively low frequency of 1 kHz or less across the lamp's valve and filament coil to produce discharge and emission, in the lamp, of a light in a wavelength region in the vicinity of 560 nm and judging the radiation state in this 560 nm light spectrum, i.e., the state of discharge in the lamp. The means employed for detecting the light spectrum radiation state include means for judging lamp quality by monitoring the temporal response characteristic in the light spectrum in the 560 nm wavelength region and means for effecting accurate judgement of lamps regardless of variations in the state of discharge in lamps by detecting the difference in intensity of the light spectra of two wavelength regions which are the light spectrum of a 560 nm wavelength region and a light spectrum of a wavelength region other than the 560 nm wavelength region.

Abstract translation: 本发明是一种灯质量判断装置和判断方法，其通过检测以氩氩混合物为主要成分的气体等气体填充白炽灯等电灯的密封状态来判断品质 密封。 更具体地说，这种气体被密封的灯被分类为好的产品，或通过在灯的阀门上施加1kHz或更小的相对较低的频率的高的直流电压或高的交流或脉冲电压来分类为不良产品， 在灯中产生在560nm附近的波长区域中的光的放电和发射，并判断该560nm光谱中的放射状态，即灯中的放电状态。 用于检测光谱辐射状态的手段包括通过监测560nm波长区域中的光谱中的时间响应特性来判断灯泡质量的装置，以及用于对灯进行准确判断的装置，而不管灯的放电状态如何变化 通过检测作为560nm波长区域的光谱和除了560nm波长区域以外的波长区域的光谱的两个波长区域的光谱的强度差。

公开(公告)号：US4591721A

公开(公告)日：1986-05-27

申请号：US659253

申请日：1984-10-10

Applicant: Jacob Y. Wong

Inventor： Jacob Y. Wong

IPC: G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/33 ,  G01J1/42

CPC classification number: G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/33 ,  G01J2003/4334

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for detecting the presence and amount of elemental oxygen in a sample cell. The intensity of extreme ultraviolet light passing through the sample cell at a wavelength band overlapping at least one of the Schumann-Runge absorption lines of oxygen is detected and compared with a predetermined non-absorbed condition of the ultraviolet light. The non-absorbed condition may be achieved by narrowing the wavelength band such that the band does not overlap the Schumann-Runge absorption line, or may be achieved by detecting the ultraviolet light passing through a reference cell. Also described is a novel ultraviolet source in which a cold zone captures neutral atoms of the emission gas to reduce the affect of resonance absorption of emitted ultraviolet light by such neutral atoms.

Abstract translation: 描述了用于检测样品池中元素氧的存在和量的方法和装置。 检测穿过样品池的极紫外光的强度，该波长带与氧素的至少一个Schumann-Runge吸收线重叠，并与紫外光的预定非吸收条件进行比较。 非吸收条件可以通过使波长带变窄使得该带不与舒曼 - 朗奇吸收线重叠来实现，或者可以通过检测通过参考电池的紫外光来实现。 还描述了一种新的紫外光源，其中冷区捕获发射气体的中性原子，以减少由这种中性原子发射的紫外光的共振吸收的影响。

公开(公告)号：US4448530A

公开(公告)日：1984-05-15

申请号：US237308

申请日：1981-02-23

Applicant: Albert Schmitt, deceased ,  by Magdalena S. Schmitt, heir ,  by Thomas Schmitt, heir ,  by Martin Schmitt, heir ,  by Georg Schmitt, heir ,  by Annette Schmitt, heir ,  Ernst Spreitzhofer

Inventor： Albert Schmitt, deceased ,  by Magdalena S. Schmitt, heir ,  by Thomas Schmitt, heir ,  by Martin Schmitt, heir ,  by Georg Schmitt, heir ,  by Annette Schmitt, heir ,  Ernst Spreitzhofer

IPC: G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/42

CPC classification number: G01J3/433

Abstract: A spectrophotometer producing a derivative spectrum of a looked-for component of a sample includes means for producing an output signal which is directly representative of the concentration of the looked-for element.

Abstract translation: 产生样品组分的衍生光谱的分光光度计包括用于产生直接代表所寻找元素的浓度的输出信号的装置。

公开(公告)号：US4285596A

公开(公告)日：1981-08-25

申请号：US825155

申请日：1977-08-16

Applicant: Isaac J. Landa

Inventor： Isaac J. Landa

IPC: G01N21/27 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/31

CPC classification number: G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/0221 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/024 ,  G01J3/0262 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/2889 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G01J2003/1273 ,  G01J2003/2853 ,  G01J3/1838

Abstract: An improved optical system is disclosed for rapid, accurate spectral analysis of the reflectivity or transmissivity of samples. A concave holographic diffraction grating oscillated at high speed is utilized to provide a rapid scanning of monochromatic light through a spectrum of wavelengths. The grating is positively driven at very high speed by a unique cam drive structure comprising identically shaped conjugate cams. The rapid scan by the grating enables the reduction of noise error by averaging over a large number of cycles. It also reduces the measurement time and thus prevents sample heating by excessive exposure to light energy. A filter wheel having dark segments for drift correction is rotated in the optical path and is synchronous with the grating. Source optics is employed to optimally shape the light source for particular applications. The system optics further includes a unique arrangement of lenses, including cylindrical lenses, to obtain the best light source shape which results in maximum light throughput. Fiber optics are also employed and arranged to meet the optimum requirements of the system for light collection and transmission through portions of the optical system.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种改进的光学系统，用于对样品的反射率或透射率进行快速，准确的光谱分析。 利用以高速振荡的凹面全息衍射光栅，通过一系列波长快速扫描单色光。 光栅通过包括相同形状的共轭凸轮的独特的凸轮驱动结构以非常高的速度被正向驱动。 光栅的快速扫描使得能够通过大量循环的平均来减少噪声误差。 它还减少测量时间，从而防止过度暴露于光能的样品加热。 具有用于漂移校正的暗段的滤光轮在光路中旋转并与光栅同步。 源光学器件用于为特定应用最佳地形成光源。 系统光学器件还包括透镜的独特布置，包括柱面透镜，以获得最佳的光源形状，其导致最大光通量。 还采用并布置光纤以满足通过光学系统的部分的光收集和透射的系统的最佳要求。

公开(公告)号：US4051371A

公开(公告)日：1977-09-27

申请号：US680622

申请日：1976-04-26

Applicant: C. Forbes Dewey, Jr. ,  Lon O. Hocker

Inventor： C. Forbes Dewey, Jr. ,  Lon O. Hocker

IPC: G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/26

CPC classification number: G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/1702

Abstract: An intense light source, preferably of high monochromaticity, having its beam modulated at a frequency f.sub.o through a wavelength range including an absorption line of a species to be detected, energizes a chamber containing a sample of the species. The modulation frequency may also be a multiple or sub-multiple of the natural resonant accoustic frequency of the sample chamber. A microphone in the sample chamber provides an output signal proportional to the concentration of the species. The radiation beam is further incident upon a calibration chamber containing a predetermined concentration of the species. A microphone in the calibration chamber provides a calibration signal for comparison with the sample signal to determine the concentration of the species in the sample cell. Means are provided for adjusting the center of the wavelength modulation range so that it bears a known relation to the center of the species absorption line.

公开(公告)号：US4017191A

公开(公告)日：1977-04-12

申请号：US588750

申请日：1975-06-20

Applicant: Konrad Bunge

Inventor： Konrad Bunge

IPC: G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/427 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01N21/25 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01N21/24

CPC classification number: G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/427 ,  G01N21/255 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G01J2003/1234

Abstract: The two-beam photometer is suitable for extinction measurement on weakly-absorbent samples. The principle of measurement is based on a wavelength selection in either the comparison beam and the measuring beam. In the beam configuration measuring and comparison beam are coincident in space and follow each other periodically. The wavelength ranges in measuring beam and comparison beam is selected by a graded interference filter which is arranged perpendicular to the optical axis and rotatable about this axis. In the zone of the graded interference filter the path of the beam is formed by two narrowly limited beams symmetrically to the optical axis. Both beams are produced preferably by two light sources whose distance may be varied in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis while the symmetry with respect to the optical axis is maintained.

Abstract translation: 双光束光度计适用于弱吸收样品的消光测量。 测量原理基于比较光束和测量光束中的波长选择。 在光束配置中，测量和比较光束在空间中重合并且周期性地彼此跟随。 测量光束和比较光束中的波长范围由渐变干涉滤光片选择，该滤光片垂直于光轴布置并可围绕该轴线旋转。 在渐变干涉滤光片的区域中，光束的路径由对称于光轴的两个狭窄受限的光束形成。 两个光束优选地由两个光源产生，其两个光源的距离可以在垂直于光轴的方向上变化，同时保持相对于光轴的对称性。

公开(公告)号：US3994592A

公开(公告)日：1976-11-30

申请号：US630520

申请日：1975-11-10

Applicant: Marcel A. Lardon ,  Thaddaus Kraus

Inventor： Marcel A. Lardon ,  Thaddaus Kraus

IPC: G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/46

CPC classification number: G01J3/433

Abstract: The concentration ratio of two components of a mixture of substances, having absorption bands which are adjacent each other in a manner such that the radiation absorption of the mixture of substances has a minimum between these absorption bands, is determined by measuring, in three adjacent, narrow spectral regions, of the radiation transmitted by the mixture of substances, a variable which is proportional to the ratio .DELTA..sup.1 I / .DELTA..sup.2 I wherein the numerator .DELTA..sup.1 I = (I.sub.3 - I.sub.1) is the difference between the intensities of radiation of the two outer spectral regions, and the denominator .DELTA..sup.2 I = (I.sub.3 - I.sub.2) -(I.sub.2 - I.sub.1) is the value by which the respective differences between the intensities of radiation of each outer spectral region and the middle spectral region differ from each other. The position, in the spectrum, of the three adjacent regions is adjusted so that they are located between the absorption maxima of the two components and where the numerator .DELTA..sup.1 I becomes zero at a definite concentration ratio which is preferably the ratio at which the highest accuracy of measurement is desired. Alternatively, the variable is proportional to the ratio I'/I", which is the ratio of the first derivative I' to the second derivative I" of the distribution of spectral intensity.

Abstract translation: 具有彼此相邻的吸收带的物质混合物的两种成分的浓度比通过在三个相邻的条件下测量物质混合物的辐射吸收在这些吸收带之间具有最小值的方式来确定， 由物质混合物传播的辐射的窄光谱区域，与DELTA 1I / DELTA 2I比例成比例的变量，其中分子DELTA 1I =（I3-I1）是两个外部辐射强度之间的差异 光谱区域和分母DELTA 2I =（I3-I2） - （I2-I1）是每个外部光谱区域和中间光谱区域的辐射强度之间的相应差别彼此不同的值。 调整三个相邻区域的光谱中的位置，使得它们位于两个分量的吸收最大值之间，其中分子DELTA 1I以确定的浓度比变为零，其优选地为最高精度 需要测量。 或者，该变量与作为光谱强度分布的第一导数I'与第二导数I“的比率I'/ I”成比例。